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UVBLUE: A New High-Resolution Theoretical Library of Ultraviolet Stellar Spectra
We present an extended ultraviolet-blue (850-4700 Å) library oftheoretical stellar spectral energy distributions computed at highresolution, λ/Δλ=50,000. The UVBLUE grid, as wenamed the library, is based on LTE calculations carried out with ATLAS9and SYNTHE codes developed by R. L. Kurucz and consists of nearly 1800entries that cover a large volume of the parameter space. It spans arange in Teff from 3000 to 50,000 K, the surface gravityranges from logg=0.0 to 5.0 with Δlogg=0.5 dex, while sevenchemical compositions are considered:[M/H]=-2.0,-1.5,-1.0,-0.5,+0.0,+0.3, and +0.5 dex. For its coverageacross the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, this library is the mostcomprehensive one ever computed at high resolution in theshort-wavelength spectral range, and useful application can be foreseenfor both the study of single stars and in population synthesis models ofgalaxies and other stellar systems. We briefly discuss some relevantissues for a safe application of the theoretical output to ultravioletobservations, and a comparison of our LTE models with the non-LTE (NLTE)ones from the TLUSTY code is also carried out. NLTE spectra are found,on average, to be slightly ``redder'' compared to the LTE ones for thesame value of Teff, while a larger difference could bedetected for weak lines, which are nearly wiped out by the enhanced coreemission component in case of NLTE atmospheres. These effects seem to bemagnified at low metallicity (typically [M/H]<~-1). A match with aworking sample of 111 stars from the IUE atlas, with availableatmosphere parameters from the literature, shows that UVBLUE modelsprovide an accurate description of the main mid- and low-resolutionspectral features for stars along the whole sequence from the B to ~G5type. The comparison sensibly degrades for later spectral types, withsupergiant stars that are in general more poorly reproduced than dwarfs.As a possible explanation of this overall trend, we partly invoke theuncertainty in the input atmosphere parameters to compute thetheoretical spectra. In addition, one should also consider the importantcontamination of the IUE stellar sample, where the presence of binaryand variable stars certainly works in the sense of artificiallyworsening the match between theory and observations.
| X-Rays from Hybrid Stars
The late-type giants and supergiants of the ``hybrid chromosphere''class display signatures of cool (T<~2×104 K) windstogether with hot emission lines from species like C IV(T~105 K). A survey of such stars by Reimers et al. usingROSAT reported numerous X-ray detections (T~106 K),strengthening the (then heretical) idea that hot coronae and cool windscan coexist in luminous giants. However, several of the candidatesources were offset from the predicted stellar coordinates, calling intoquestion the identifications. In an effort to secure better knowledge ofthe X-ray luminosities of the hybrids, the ROSAT fields from the Reimerset al. survey were reexamined, exploiting the USNO-A2.0 astrometriccatalog to register the pointings to a few arcseconds accuracy. On thebasis of positional mismatches, at least two of the previously reporteddetections of key hybrid stars-γ Dra (K5 III) and β Aqr (G0Ib)-must be rejected. The new X-ray upper limits for these stars,combined with the remaining candidate detections (and nondetections)from the original survey, place the hybrids into the same ``X-raydeficient'' category as the ``noncoronal'' red giants like Arcturus(α Boo: K1.5 III) and Aldebaran (α Tau: K5 III). A few ofthe hybrid X-ray sources are exceptional, however. The archetype αTrA (K2 II-III), in particular, is securely detected in terms ofpositional coincidence, but its anomalous, contradictory coronalproperties suggest that an unseen companion-a young hyperactive Gdwarf-might dominate the X-ray emission.
| Identification of a complete sample of northern ROSAT All-Sky Survey X-ray sources. VIII. The late-type stellar component
We present results of an investigation of the X-ray properties, agedistribution, and kinematical characteristics of a high-galacticlatitude sample of late-type field stars selected from the ROSAT All-SkySurvey (RASS). The sample comprises 254 RASS sources with opticalcounterparts of spectral types F to M distributed over six study areaslocated at |b| 20 °, and Dec ≥ -9 °. A detailed studywas carried out for the subsample of ~200 G, K, and M stars. Lithiumabundances were determined for 179 G-M stars. Radial velocities weremeasured for most of the 141 G and K type stars of the sample. Combinedwith proper motions these data were used to study the age distributionand the kinematical properties of the sample. Based on the lithiumabundances half of the G-K stars were found to be younger than theHyades (660 Myr). About 25% are comparable in age to the Pleiades (100Myr). A small subsample of 10 stars is younger than the Pleiades. Theyare therefore most likely pre-main sequence stars. Kinematically the PMSand Pleiades-type stars appear to form a group with space velocitiesclose to the Castor moving group but clearly distinct from the LocalAssociation.Based on observations collected at the German-Spanish AstronomicalCentre, Calar Alto, operated by the Max-Planck-Institut fürAstronomie, Heidelberg, jointly with the Spanish National Commission forAstronomy, and at the European Southern Observatory, La Silla, Chile.Tables A2-A4 are only available in electronic form athttp://www.edpsciences.org
| High-Resolution Spectroscopy of FU Orionis Stars
High-resolution spectroscopy was obtained of the FU orionis stars FU Oriand V1057 Cyg between 1995 and 2002 with the SOFIN spectrograph at theNordic Optical Telescope and with HIRES at Keck I. During these years FUOri remained about 1 mag (in B) below its 1938-39 maximum brightness,but V1057 Cyg (B~10.5 at peak in 1970-1971) faded from about 13.5 to14.9 and then recovered slightly. Their photospheric spectra resemblethat of a rotationally broadened, slightly veiled supergiant of abouttype G0 Ib, with veqsini=70 km s-1 for FU Ori, and55 km s-1 for V1057 Cyg. As V1057 Cyg faded, P Cyg structurein Hα and the IR Ca II lines strengthened and a complexshortward-displaced shell spectrum of low-excitation lines of theneutral metals (including Li I and Rb I) increased in strength,disappeared in 1999, and reappeared in 2001. Several SOFIN runs extendedover a number of successive nights so that a search for rapid and cyclicchanges in the spectra was possible. These spectra show rapidnight-to-night changes in the wind structure of FU Ori at Hα,including clear evidence of sporadic infall. The equivalent width of theP Cyg absorption varied cyclically with a period of 14.8 days, withphase stability maintained over three seasons. This is believed to bethe rotation period of FU Ori. The internal structure of itsphotospheric lines also varies cyclically, but with a period of 3.54days. A similar variation may be present in V1057 Cyg, but the data aremuch noisier and that result uncertain. As V1057 Cyg has faded and thecontinuum level fallen, the emission lines of a preexistinglow-excitation chromosphere have emerged. Therefore we believe that the``line doubling'' in V1057 Cyg is produced by these central emissioncores in the absorption lines, not by orbital motion in an inclinedKeplerian disk. No convincing dependence of veqsini onwavelength or excitation potential was detected in either FU Ori orV1057 Cyg, again contrary to expectation for a self-luminous accretiondisk. It was found also that certain critical lines in the near infraredare not accounted for by synthetic disk spectra. It is concluded that arapidly rotating star near the edge of stability, as proposed by Larson,can better account for these observations. The possibility is alsoconsidered that FUor eruptions are not a property of ordinary T Tauristars but may be confined to a special subspecies of rapidly rotatingpre-main-sequence stars having powerful quasi-permanent winds.
| Polaris: Amplitude, Period Change, and Companions
Polaris has presented us with the rare phenomenon of a Cepheid with apulsation amplitude that has decreased over the last 50 yr. In thisstudy we have used this property to see whether the amplitude decreaseduring the last 15 yr has had any effect on upper atmosphere heating. Weobtained IUE high- and low-resolution spectra but found no change ineither the Mg II chromospheric emission or the flux at 1800 Åbetween 1978 and 1993 when the pulsation amplitude dropped by 50% (from2.8 to 1.6 km s-1). The energy distribution from 1700 Åthrough V, B, R(KC), and I(KC) is like that of a nonvariable supergiantof the same color rather than a full amplitude Cepheid in that it hasmore flux at 1800 Å than the full amplitude Cepheid δ Cep.Polaris also has a rapidly changing period (3.2 s yr-1), incommon with other overtone pulsators. We argue that this is a naturalconsequence of the different envelope locations that dominate pulsationgrowth rates in fundamental and overtone pulsation. In fundamental modepulsators, the deeper envelope is more important in determining growthrates than for overtone pulsators. For fundamental mode pulsators,evolutionary changes in the radius produce approximately linear changesin period. In overtone pulsators, pulsation reacts to small evolutionarychanges in a more unstable way because the modes are more sensitive tohigh envelope features such as opacity bumps, and the growth rates forthe many closely spaced overtone modes change easily. Finally, the upperlimit to the X-ray flux from an Einstein observation implies that thecompanion in the astrometric orbit is earlier than F4 V. The combinationof upper and lower limits on the companion from IUE and Einsteinrespectively catch the companion mass between 1.7 and 1.4Msolar. The X-ray limit is consistent with the more distantcompanion α UMi B being a physical companion in a hierarchaltriple system. However the X-ray limits require that the even moredistant companions α UMi C and D are too old to be physicallyassociated with Polaris.
| A catalog of rotational and radial velocities for evolved stars. II. Ib supergiant stars
Rotational velocity vsin i and mean radial velocity are presented for asample of 231 Ib supergiant stars covering the spectral region F, G andK. This work is the second part of the large survey carried out with theCORAVEL spectrometer to establish the behavior of the rotation for starsevolving off the main sequence (De Medeiros & Mayor 1999). Thesedata will add constraints to the study of the rotational behavior inevolved stars, as well as solid information concerning tidalinteractions in binary systems and on the link between rotation,chemical abundance and activity in stars of intermediate masses. Basedon observations collected at the Haute-Provence Observatory,Saint-Michel, France and at the European Southern Observatory, La Silla,Chile Table 1 is only available in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/395/97
| Sodium enrichment of stellar atmospheres. I. Non-variable supergiants and bright giants
48 supergiants and bright giants have been observed in order toinvestigate the sodium enrichment of their atmospheres and itsconnection with stellar gravity. We present the equivalent widths of the6154 Å and 6160 Å Na I lines measured from the programspectra, the results of effective temperature determinations, the NLTEsodium abundances, and the derived relation between the sodiumoverabundance and surface gravity.
| Absolute spectrophotometry of late-type stars.
Not Available
| The Physical Basis of Luminosity Classification in the Late A-, F-, and Early G-Type Stars. I. Precise Spectral Types for 372 Stars
This is the first in a series of two papers that address the problem ofthe physical nature of luminosity classification in the late A-, F-, andearly G-type stars. In this paper, we present precise spectralclassifications of 372 stars on the MK system. For those stars in theset with Strömgren uvbyβ photometry, we derive reddenings andpresent a calibration of MK temperature types in terms of the intrinsicStrömgren (b-y)0 index. We also examine the relationshipbetween the luminosity class and the Strömgren c1 index,which measures the Balmer jump. The second paper will address thederivation of the physical parameters of these stars, and therelationships between these physical parameters and the luminosityclass. Stars classified in this paper include one new λ Bootisstar and 10 of the F- and G-type dwarfs with recently discoveredplanets.
| Catalogue of Apparent Diameters and Absolute Radii of Stars (CADARS) - Third edition - Comments and statistics
The Catalogue, available at the Centre de Données Stellaires deStrasbourg, consists of 13 573 records concerning the results obtainedfrom different methods for 7778 stars, reported in the literature. Thefollowing data are listed for each star: identifications, apparentmagnitude, spectral type, apparent diameter in arcsec, absolute radiusin solar units, method of determination, reference, remarks. Commentsand statistics obtained from CADARS are given. The Catalogue isavailable in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp tocdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcar?J/A+A/367/521
| The Chromospheres of G-type Ib Supergiants
This preliminary study of the detailed chromospheric conditions ofG-type Ib-supergiants provides a foundation for atmospheric models,complementing STIS and FUSE surveys of cool stars. We compare opticaland near-UV high-resolution Utrecht Echelle Spectrograph (WilliamHerschel Telescope), and SOFIN (Nordic Optical Telescope) echellespectra of α Aqr (G2 Ib), 9 Peg (G5 Ib), and ɛ Gem (G8 Ib)with the Ia-supergiant HD 179821 (G2-G5). The latter has recently beenproposed as a post-AGB star (with a detached dust shell), instead of apopulation I massive supergiant, for which we do not detectchromospheric emission in Ca ii H & K. The three Ib-supergiantsreveal much stronger Hα absorption lines than HD 179821, while thecore intensities of Hβ and Hδ (showing broad damping linewings) in α Aqr, ɛ Gem, and HD 179821 are similar. TheHα profile of HD 179821 has a weak absorption core with satelliteemission, typically formed in a supersonic expanding wind. This isregularly observed in very luminous cool pulsating super- andhypergiants of the ρ Cas-type (F2-G Ia+), which lack H& K emission. Our spectral synthesis of these observations showsthat the Hα absorption in G Ib-supergiants is strongly enhanceddue to chromospheric excitation, whereas the higher Balmer lines aremainly of photospheric origin. This finding is parallel to thechromospheric nature of Hα absorption in α Ori (M2 Iab),recently discussed by Lobel & Dupree (ApJ, 545, Dec. 2000). Thisresearch is supported in part by STScI grant GO-08280.02-97A to the SAO.
| Spots and plages on a young main-sequence solar-type star: HD 206860
The young solar type star HD 206860 is known to be aphotometric variable with emission in the core of Ca ii H & K lines,several times more intense than the Sun when observed as a star. Thephotometric and spectroscopic monitoring of HD 206860from near contemporaneous observations at Serra La Nave (Catania, Italy)and at the Observatoire de Haute Provence (OHP, France) shows thatchromospheric spectral-line flux and photometric variations follow thesame period (4.74 days). From Strömgren photometry and Ca ii andHα chromospheric emission clearly anti-correlated variations havebeen found. This result suggests that spots and plages in this singlesolar-type star are spatially associated, as frequently observed for thelargest sun-spot groups and for some very active RS CVn systems. Aspot/plage model applied to the observed flux curves allows a crudereconstruction of the 3D structure of the external atmosphere of thisstar. Based on observations collected at the Observatoire de HauteProvence (CNRS), France, and at the Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania,Italy
| Ca II activity and rotation in F-K evolved stars
Ca II H and K high resolution observations for 60 evolved stars in thefield and in 5 open clusters are presented. From these spectrachromospheric fluxes are derived, and a homogeneous sample of more than100 giants is built adding data from the literature. In addition, formost stars, rotational velocities were derived from CORAVELobservations. By comparing chromospheric emission in the cluster starswe confirm the results of Pasquini & Brocato (1992): chromosphericactivity depends on the stellar effective temperature, and mass, whenintermediate mass stars (M ~ 4 Msun) are considered. TheHyades and the Praesepe clump giants show the same level of activity, asexpected from stars with similar masses and effective temperatures. Adifference of up to 0.4 dex in the chromospheric fluxes among the Hyadesgiants is recorded and this sets a clear limit to the intrinsic spreadof stellar activity in evolved giants. These differences in otherwisevery similar stars are likely due to stellar cycles and/or differencesin the stellar initial angular momentum. Among the field stars none ofthe giants with (V-R)o < 0.4 and Ia supergiants observedshows a signature of Ca II activity; this can be due either to the realabsence of a chromosphere, but also to other causes which preclude theappearance of Ca II reversal. By analyzing the whole sample we find thatchromospheric activity scales linearly with stellar rotational velocityand a high power of stellar effective temperature: F'k ~Teff7.7 (Vsini)0.9. This result can beinterpreted as the effect of two chromospheric components of differentnature: one mechanical and one magnetic. Alternatively, by using theHipparcos parallaxes and evolutionary tracks, we divide the sampleaccording to the stellar masses, and we follow the objects along anevolutionary track. For each range of masses activity can simply beexpressed as a function of only one parameter: either theTeff or the angular rotation Omega , with laws F'k~ Omega alpha , because angular velocity decreases witheffective temperature along an evolutionary track. By using theevolutionary tracks and the observed Vsini we investigate the evolutionof the angular momentum for evolved stars in the range 1-5Msun. For the 1.6-3 solar mass stars the data are consistentwith the IOmega =const law while lower and higher masses follow a lawsimilar to IOmega 2=const, where I is the computed stellarmomentum of inertia. We find it intriguing that Vsini remains almostconstant for 1Msun stars along their evolution; if a similarbehavior is shared by Pop II stars, this could explain the relativelyhigh degree of activity observed in Pop II giants. Finally, through theuse of models, we have verified the consistency of the F'k ~Omega alpha and the IOmega beta = Const lawsderived, finding an excellent agreement. This representation, albeitcrude (the models do not consider, for instance, mass losses) representsthe evolution of Ca II activity and of the angular momentum in asatisfactory way in most of the portion of HR diagram analyzed.Different predictions could be tested with observations in selectedclusters. Based on observations collected at ESO, La Silla. Tables 1-3are only available in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp tocdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| Fundamental properties of the open cluster NGC 2355
NGC 2355 is an old open cluster in the outer part of the galactic disk(l=203fdg4 , b=+11fdg8 ) which has been little studied until now. Thispaper presents the first astrometric and spectroscopic investigation ofthis cluster. We have measured precise absolute proper motions from oldCarte du Ciel plates, POSS-I plates and recent CCD observations obtainedwith the Bordeaux meridian circle. The proper motion data reveal 38highly probable cluster members down to Blim = 15 mag within7' of the cluster center. We have also obtained ELODIE high resolutionspectra for 24 stars. Seventeen of them are confirmed to be members ofthe cluster on the basis of radial velocity. Eight of them are fastrotating turnoff stars for which the projected rotational velocity hasbeen determined. The spectroscopic observations have also providedestimates of the physical parameters Teff, log g, {[Fe/H]},MV of the 24 target stars. Two stragglers have beenidentified in the cluster. Combining our astrometric and spectroscopicresults with previous UBV photometry and recent JHK_s photometry fromthe 2MASS survey we have derived the fundamental properties of thecluster: metallicity, age, distance, size, spatial velocity and orbit.Based on observations made on the 193cm telescope at the Haute-ProvenceObservatory, France, and on plate digitisation at the Centre d'Analysedes Images, Paris. This publication makes use of data products from theTwo Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University ofMassachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, funded bythe National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the NationalScience Foundation.
| Search for an exosphere around 51 Pegasi B with ISO
The detection of absorption features in spectra of 51 Peg obtainedduring transit of its planet would provide a first clue on the physicalnature of the planet. We have searched for signatures of an exosphere ofthe planet orbiting 51 Peg in the wavelength range from 2.39 μm to3.5 μm and from 4.55 μm to 4.74 μm using SWS on ISO. Carefulcomparison of spectra taken during the transit of the planet withspectra obtained when the planet was not in the line-of-sight did notreveal any significant differences. We provide the S/N ratio and upperlimits on the equivalent width of potential absorption lines in allwavelength bands. The upper limits on the equivalent width can be usedfor comparisons with predictions of the density of a potential exosphereof 51 Peg in future models. Based on observations with ISO, an ESAproject with instruments funded by ESA Member States (especially the PIcountries: France, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom) andwith the participation of ISAS and NASA.
| Excitation and visibility of high-degree modes in stars
Observational evidence for excitation of non-radial modes in stars isconfronted with the results of linear stability surveys for stellarmodels. We consider various types of pulsators on the upper mainsequence as well as stars in the Cepheid strip. Our stability surveycovers the whole range of spherical harmonic degrees, l, whereinstability is found. There is fair agreement between the theoreticalinstability strip and the location of ζ Oph stars, but the observedand calculated periods do not agree in some stars. We suggest thateither pulsation is not responsible for the ζ Oph phenomenon orelse there are serious errors in mode identification in these cases. Wedo not find instability at long periods for early B-type stars,supporting the idea that pulsation is not responsible for the periodicvariations in Be stars. The agreement between the observed andcalculated periods of high-degree modes in δ Sct stars is not verysatisfactory. This is attributed to problems in mode identification. Wediscuss unstable modes of high degree in Cepheid models as a possiblemechanism for the low-amplitude radial velocities seen in some starswithin the instability strip. We find, however, that the observedperiods are at least a factor of 2 longer than the calculated periods.Finally, we discuss the possibility of observing modes of high degreephotometrically. We suggest that a large number of high-degree modes maybecome detectable by future space-borne photometric missions. Theconfusion arising from these modes may greatly reduce the value of suchobservations for asteroseismology. However, they will be very importantin studying the mechanism of mode selection.
| GAIA Spectroscopy: Proposing the 8500--8750 Angstroms Region and Evaluating the Performances
We propose the Gaia spectroscopic observations to be performed over thewavelength interval 8500--8750 Angstroms, with an optimal dispersion of0.25 Angstroms/pix (or 1000 pixels budget per spectrum) and a 2 pixelPSF. In this paper, on the base of extensive observations as well assynthetic spectra and simulations, we review the spectroscopicperformances expected for Gaia: radial and rotational velocities,spectral classification, detection of mass-loss and spectralpeculiarities, chemical abundance analysis and reddening estimates fromthe 8620 Angstroms diffuse interstellar band. Lower dispersion spectra(corresponding to smaller pixel budgets) are considered too.
| CCD spectra of MK standards and a preliminary extension of the MK classification to the yellow-red region.
Not Available
| High resolution spectroscopy over lambda lambda 8500-8750 Å for GAIA. I. Mapping the MKK classification system
We present an Echelle+CCD high resolution spectroscopic atlas (0.25Ä/pix dispersion, 0.43 Ä FWHM resolution and 20 000 resolvingpower) mapping the MKK classification system over the interval lambdalambda 8500-8750 Ä. The wavelength interval is remarkably free fromtelluric lines and it is centered on the near-IR triplet of Ca II, thehead of hydrogen Paschen series and several strong metallic lines. Thespectra of 131 stars of types between O4 and M8 and luminosity classes Ithrough V are included in the atlas. Special care was put in maintainingthe highest instrumental homogeneity over the whole set of data. Thecapability to derive accurate MKK spectral types from high resolutionobservations over the interval lambda lambda 8500-8750 Ä isdiscussed. The observations have been performed as part of an evaluationstudy of possible spectroscopic performances for the astrometric missionGAIA planned by ESA. Tables~3 and 4 are only available in electronicform at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5)or via http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/ Abstract.html}\fnmsep\thanks{ Thespectra of the stars listed in Table~2 are also available in electronicform at the CDS or via the personal HomePagehttp://ulisse.pd.astro.it/Astro/Atlases/}\fnmsep\thanks{ Figures 3--28are only available in electronic form at http://www.edpsciences.com
| A Precision Velocity Study of Photometrically Stable Stars in the Cepheid Instability Strip
Results of a precision Doppler velocity survey of 15 stars that lie inor near the Cepheid instability strip are presented. Previous studieshave shown that these stars are photometrically stable. Long-term radialvelocity precision of 15 m s-1 has been achieved with the use of aniodine absorption cell and a high-resolution cross-dispersed echellespectrometer. The stars show a variety of behavior from stability (atthe level of 30 m s-1) to variability from 50 m s-1 to a few km s-1.Periodograms of many of the program stars show significant peaks at50-80 days that are not associated with radial pulsation. Previouslyundetected binary companions have been found around two of the stars.Line profiles are compared to delta Cep.
| The pulsating yellow supergiant V810 Centauri
The F8 Ia supergiant V810 Centauri is part of along-term high-precision photometric monitoring program on long periodvariables started twenty years ago. Time series analysis of this uniqueset of 500 data points, spanning almost fifteen years in the homogeneousGeneva photometric system, is presented. Cluster membership, physicalparameters and evolutionary status of the star are reinvestigated.Radial velocity data do not support the cluster membership toStock 14. Ultraviolet and optical spectrophotometryis combined with optical and infrared photometry to evaluate thephysical parameters of the yellow supergiant (T_eff = 5970 K, M_bol =-8.5, R = 420 Rsun) and of its B0 III companion. Fromtheoretical stellar evolutionary tracks, an initial mass of ~ 25Msun is estimated for V810 Cen, which isactually at the end of its first redward evolution. V810Cen is a multi-periodic small amplitude variable star, whoseamplitudes are variable with time. The period of the main mode, ~ 156 d,is in agreement with the Period-Luminosity-Colour relation forsupergiants. This mode is most probably the fundamental radial one.According to the theoretical pulsation periods for the radial modes,calculated from a linear non-adiabatic analysis, the period of theobserved second mode, ~ 107 d, is much too long to correspond to thefirst radial overtone . Thus, this second mode could be a non-radialp-mode. Other transient periods are observed, in particular at ~ 187 d.The length of this period suggests a non-radial g-mode. Then, thecomplex variability of V810 Cen could be due to amixing of unstable radial and non-radial p- and g-modes. Based onobservations collected at the Swiss 40~cm and 70~cm and at the Danish1.54~m telescopes, at the European Southern Observatory (La Silla,Chile)
| Increase of emission and shell features in the spectrum of the FUor V1057 CYG
High-resolution echelle spectra of the FUor V1057 Cyg were taken duringits minimum brightness in 1996-97. The spectra show the appearance ofstrong shell-components in the lines of low excitation, an increase ofthe splitting of the photospheric absorption lines, and the appearanceof weak emission lines. It is argued that the mysterious line splittingof the absorption lines in the spectrum of V1057 Cyg, which has beeninterpreted as originating from an accretion disk, can be explainedsimply by the presence of central emission cores in the broad absorptionlines. This emission spectrum of V1057 Cyg has increased in strengthrelative to the continuum as the star has faded. Based on observationsobtained at the 2.56m Nordic Optical Telescope, Roque de Los MuchachosObservatory, La Palma/Spain.
| 1--4 MU M Spectroscopy of Very Red Stars Found in an I-Band Objective Prism Survey
We present the 1.2--4.2 mu m spectroscopy of stars found in an objectiveprism survey of the galactic plane by Stephenson (1992, AAA 55.002.010).These stars were thought by Stephenson to be heavily reddened byinterstellar absorption. However, almost all of them have turned out tobe late-type stars with clear 2.3 mu m CO absorption, which means thatthey are intrinsically red as well. A few stars have AV ~ 9, but mostof them are only moderately reddened (AV = 1--5).
| Classification and Identification of IRAS Sources with Low-Resolution Spectra
IRAS low-resolution spectra were extracted for 11,224 IRAS sources.These spectra were classified into astrophysical classes, based on thepresence of emission and absorption features and on the shape of thecontinuum. Counterparts of these IRAS sources in existing optical andinfrared catalogs are identified, and their optical spectral types arelisted if they are known. The correlations between thephotospheric/optical and circumstellar/infrared classification arediscussed.
| Medium-Resolution Spectra of Normal Stars in the K Band
An Atlas of 115 medium-resolution K-band (2.0--2.4 mu m) stellarspectra, spanning spectral types O--M and luminosity types I--V, ispresented. K-band spectra are also presented for one N- and one J-typecarbon star. A time series of spectra is presented for an S-type Miravariable. All the spectra are at a resolution of ~3000 (1.4 cm-1) andhave had the terrestrial absorption removed by dividing by a featurelessspectrum. The spectra are plotted with the major spectral featuresidentified and are available digitally.
| Accurate Two-dimensional Classification of Stellar Spectra with Artificial Neural Networks
We present a solution to the long-standing problem of automaticallyclassifying stellar spectra of all temperature and luminosity classeswith the accuracy shown by expert human classifiers. We use the 15Angstroms resolution near-infrared spectral classification systemdescribed by Torres-Dodgen & Weaver in 1993. Using the spectrum withno manual intervention except wavelength registration, artificial neuralnetworks (ANNs) can classify these spectra with Morgan-Keenan types withan accuracy comparable to that obtained by human experts using 2Angstroms resolution blue spectra, which is about 0.5 types (subclasses)in temperature and about 0.25 classes in luminosity. Accuratetemperature classification requires a hierarchy of ANNs, whileluminosity classification is most successful with a single ANN. Wepropose an architecture for a fully automatic classification system.
| The CA II triplet lines as diagnostics of luminosity, metallicity and chromospheric activity in cool stars
CCD spectra of the infrared triplet lines of ionized calcium at\lambda\lambda8498, 8542, 8662 have been obtained at a spectralresolution of 0.4 \AA\ in 146 stars brighter than V = +7.0 spanning arange in spectral types from F7 to M4 of all luminosity classes and arange in metallicity [Fe/H] from -3.0 to +1.1. These have been analysedto investigate the dependence of the Ca II triplet strengths on stellarparameters like luminosity, temperature and metallicity. A detailedstudy reveals a strong dependence on luminosity, much stronger for metalrich stars than for the metal poor ones and a milder dependence onmetallicity, although much more conspicuous in supergiants than indwarfs. All these correlations are found to be non-linear over theparameter space covered. The present study also shows chromosphericactivity to be an important phenomenon affecting the strength and theshape of the line profiles. Stars of similar luminosity and metallicityhave varying Ca II line depths owing to varying chromospheric emissionfilling in their Ca II absorption. The Ca II triplet strength is thusobserved to be a triparametric discriminant in cool stars. Tables 1 and2 are available in electronic form only at the CDS via anonymous ftp tocdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| A catalogue of [Fe/H] determinations: 1996 edition
A fifth Edition of the Catalogue of [Fe/H] determinations is presentedherewith. It contains 5946 determinations for 3247 stars, including 751stars in 84 associations, clusters or galaxies. The literature iscomplete up to December 1995. The 700 bibliographical referencescorrespond to [Fe/H] determinations obtained from high resolutionspectroscopic observations and detailed analyses, most of them carriedout with the help of model-atmospheres. The Catalogue is made up ofthree formatted files: File 1: field stars, File 2: stars in galacticassociations and clusters, and stars in SMC, LMC, M33, File 3: numberedlist of bibliographical references The three files are only available inelectronic form at the Centre de Donnees Stellaires in Strasbourg, viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5), or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| An Atlas of the infrared spectral region. II. The late-type stars (G - M)
This Atlas illustrates the behavior of late type stars (F, G, K and M)in the near infrared 8400-8800 Angstrom region with a resolution ofabout 2 degrees. Seventeen figures illustrate the spectral sequence andluminosity classes V, III, Ib and Ia. Four figures illustrate peculiarspectra, namely those of Am stars, composites, weak metal stars and Sand C type objects. The complete Atlas is also available as FITS filesfrom the CDS de Strasbourg and other data centers.
| Secondary standard stars for UVBY beta CCD photometry
Accurate standard uvby indices are presented for 73 southern B, A, F andG stars in the $V$ magnitude range 8.2 to 10.9. They cover all threetransformation regions of the $uvby$ system (Olsen \cite[1983]{Olsen1})well. Standard $\beta$ indices are included for the 55 B, A, and F starsin the sample. Our results provide a useful set of secondary standardsfor uvby beta CCD photometry with southern hemisphere 1-2 m classtelescopes. A critical comparison with published photometry, in generalbased on fewer observations, is given. Based on observations made at theEuropean Southern Observatory, La Silla, Chile. Tables 3, 4, 5 are alsoavailable in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp tocdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
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