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The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the Solar neighbourhood. Ages, metallicities, and kinematic properties of 14 000 F and G dwarfs
We present and discuss new determinations of metallicity, rotation, age,kinematics, and Galactic orbits for a complete, magnitude-limited, andkinematically unbiased sample of 16 682 nearby F and G dwarf stars. Our63 000 new, accurate radial-velocity observations for nearly 13 500stars allow identification of most of the binary stars in the sampleand, together with published uvbyβ photometry, Hipparcosparallaxes, Tycho-2 proper motions, and a few earlier radial velocities,complete the kinematic information for 14 139 stars. These high-qualityvelocity data are supplemented by effective temperatures andmetallicities newly derived from recent and/or revised calibrations. Theremaining stars either lack Hipparcos data or have fast rotation. Amajor effort has been devoted to the determination of new isochrone agesfor all stars for which this is possible. Particular attention has beengiven to a realistic treatment of statistical biases and errorestimates, as standard techniques tend to underestimate these effectsand introduce spurious features in the age distributions. Our ages agreewell with those by Edvardsson et al. (\cite{edv93}), despite severalastrophysical and computational improvements since then. We demonstrate,however, how strong observational and theoretical biases cause thedistribution of the observed ages to be very different from that of thetrue age distribution of the sample. Among the many basic relations ofthe Galactic disk that can be reinvestigated from the data presentedhere, we revisit the metallicity distribution of the G dwarfs and theage-metallicity, age-velocity, and metallicity-velocity relations of theSolar neighbourhood. Our first results confirm the lack of metal-poor Gdwarfs relative to closed-box model predictions (the ``G dwarfproblem''), the existence of radial metallicity gradients in the disk,the small change in mean metallicity of the thin disk since itsformation and the substantial scatter in metallicity at all ages, andthe continuing kinematic heating of the thin disk with an efficiencyconsistent with that expected for a combination of spiral arms and giantmolecular clouds. Distinct features in the distribution of the Vcomponent of the space motion are extended in age and metallicity,corresponding to the effects of stochastic spiral waves rather thanclassical moving groups, and may complicate the identification ofthick-disk stars from kinematic criteria. More advanced analyses of thisrich material will require careful simulations of the selection criteriafor the sample and the distribution of observational errors.Based on observations made with the Danish 1.5-m telescope at ESO, LaSilla, Chile, and with the Swiss 1-m telescope at Observatoire deHaute-Provence, France.Complete Tables 1 and 2 are only available in electronic form at the CDSvia anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/418/989
| Intermediate-Brightness Equatorial Spectrophotometric Standards
We have obtained spectral energy distributions for 41 7m 8m stars nearthe celestial equator (δ=±3°). The λλ31007600 Å spectral range is studied with a spectral resolution of 50Å. The relative rms error in the visible is 1 2%, increasing to 35% towards the edges of the wavelength interval studied. All stars arereferenced to a single standard, the circumpolar star HD 221525. Thesynthetic colors of common stars are compared with those observed infour photometric systems: U BV, W BV R, uvby, and that of the TYCHOcatalog. The program stars are recommended as secondaryspectrophotometric standards.
| GRIS: The grating infrared spectrometer
The grating infrared spectrometer (GRIS) is an echelle grating, prismcross-dispersed, spectrometer designed for the 2.3-m Steward Observatorytelescope. The cross-dispersed format utilizes a Near Infrared Cameraand Multi-Object Spectrometer 3 (NICMOS 3) HgCdTe detector array forobservations in the 0.86-2.5 micrometer spectral region. An echellegrating, ruled on both sides, provides resolutions of 3449 and 9439 perslit width, respectively. Rotation of the grating achieves severalfunctions: 1/2 pixel spectrum stepping for full Nyquist sampling, achange in the wavelength regions falling on the detector, and the meansfor changing grating sides.
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