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uvby? photometry of early type open cluster and field stars
Context. The ? Cephei stars and slowly pulsating B (SPB) stars aremassive main sequence variables. The strength of their pulsationaldriving strongly depends on the opacity of iron-group elements. As manyof those stars naturally occur in young open clusters, whosemetallicities can be determined in several fundamental ways, it islogical to study the incidence of pulsation in several young openclusters. Aims: To provide the foundation for such aninvestigation, Strömgren-Crawford uvby? photometry of opencluster target stars was carried out to determine effectivetemperatures, luminosities, and therefore cluster memberships. Methods: In the course of three observing runs, uvby? photometryfor 168 target stars was acquired and transformed into the standardsystem by measurements of 117 standard stars. The list of target starsalso included some known cluster and field ? Cephei stars, as wellas ? Cephei and SPB candidates that are targets of theasteroseismic part of the Kepler satellite mission. Results: Theuvby? photometric results are presented. The data are shown to beon the standard system, and the properties of the target stars arediscussed: 140 of these are indeed OB stars, a total of 101 targets liewithin the ? Cephei and/or SPB star instability strips, and eachinvestigated cluster contains such potential pulsators. Conclusions: These measurements will be taken advantage of in a numberof subsequent publications.Based on measurements obtained at McDonald Observatory of the Universityof Texas at Austin.Tables 3-6 are only available in electronic form atthe CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/528/A148
| A catalogue of young runaway Hipparcos stars within 3 kpc from the Sun
Traditionally, runaway stars are O- and B-type stars with large peculiarvelocities. We would like to extend this definition to young stars (upto ?50 Myr) of any spectral type and to identify those present in theHipparcos catalogue by applying different selection criteria, such aspeculiar space velocities or peculiar one-dimensional velocities.Runaway stars are important for studying the evolution of multiple starsystems or star clusters, as well as for identifying the origins ofneutron stars. We compile the distances, proper motions, spectral types,luminosity classes, V magnitudes and B-V colours, and we utilizeevolutionary models from different authors to obtain star ages. We studya sample of 7663 young Hipparcos stars within 3 kpc from the Sun. Theradial velocities are obtained from the literature. We investigate thedistributions of the peculiar spatial velocity and the peculiar radialvelocity as well as the peculiar tangential velocity and itsone-dimensional components and we obtain runaway star probabilities foreach star in the sample. In addition, we look for stars that aresituated outside any OB association or OB cluster and the Galactic planeas well as stars for which the velocity vector points away from themedian velocity vector of neighbouring stars or the surrounding local OBassociation/cluster (although the absolute velocity might be small). Wefind a total of 2547 runaway star candidates (with a contamination ofnormal Population I stars of 20 per cent at most). Thus, aftersubtracting these 20 per cent, the runaway frequency among young starsis about 27 per cent. We compile a catalogue of runaway stars, which isavailable via VizieR.
| Lacerta OB1 Revisited
This investigation utilizes precise uvby? photometry and therecently recalculated Hipparcos data to provide an improved homogeneousdistance scale for the apparent groups of young stars in Lacerta. Allexisting uvby? photometry for stars earlier than A0-type in a20°×20° field centered at l=100°, b=-15° iscollated and the individual stellar distances and color excesses areobtained. The association Lac OB1 is reliably identified as a verycompact young group of 12 bright stars at an average distance of520±20(s.e.) pc. The available radial velocity and proper motionmeasurements strongly support the impression that the group is real. Thestars in the northeast part of Lacerta seem not to represent a physicalgroup, but rather a layer of field stars spread between 140 and 400 pcand extending farther than that toward l˜104°. An estimate of678±50(s.e.) pc of the distance to the open cluster NGC 7243 isobtained based on the brightest cluster members. The calculateddistances are based on a well-tested procedure, and thus represent aclarification over the range of distance existing in the literature forthe bright stars in the Lacerta field. Although a better agreement isnow evident between the photometric distances and the recalculatedHipparcos parallaxes in comparison to the original Hipparcos data,discrepancies still exist for this particular field.
| Herbig Ae/Be Stars in nearby OB Associations
We have carried out a study of the early-type stars in nearby OBassociations spanning an age range of ~3-16 Myr, with the aim ofdetermining the fraction of stars that belong to the Herbig Ae/Be class.We studied the B, A, and F stars in the nearby (<=500 pc) OBassociations Upper Scorpius, Perseus OB2, Lacerta OB1, and Orion OB1,with membership determined from Hipparcos data. We also included in ourstudy the early-type stars in the Trumpler 37 cluster, part of the CepOB2 association. We obtained spectra for 440 Hipparcos stars in theseassociations, from which we determined accurate spectral types, visualextinctions, effective temperatures, luminosities and masses, usingHipparcos photometry. Using colors corrected for reddening, we find thatthe Herbig Ae/Be stars and the classical Be (CBe) stars occupy clearlydifferent regions in the JHK diagram. Thus, we use the location on theJHK diagram, as well as the presence of emission lines and of strong 12μm flux relative to the visual, to identify the Herbig Ae/Be stars inthe associations. We find that the Herbig Ae/Be stars constitute a smallfraction of the early-type stellar population even in the youngerassociations. Comparing the data from associations with different agesand assuming that the near-infrared excess in the Herbig Ae/Be starsarises from optically thick dusty inner disks, we determined theevolution of the inner disk frequency with age. We find that the innerdisk frequency in the age range 3-10 Myr in intermediate-mass stars islower than that in the low-mass stars (<1 Msolar) inparticular, it is a factor of ~10 lower at ~3 Myr. This indicates thatthe timescales for disk evolution are much shorter in theintermediate-mass stars, which could be a consequence of more efficientmechanisms of inner disk dispersal (viscous evolution, dust growth, andsettling toward the midplane).
| A HIPPARCOS Census of the Nearby OB Associations
A comprehensive census of the stellar content of the OB associationswithin 1 kpc from the Sun is presented, based on Hipparcos positions,proper motions, and parallaxes. It is a key part of a long-term projectto study the formation, structure, and evolution of nearby young stellargroups and related star-forming regions. OB associations are unbound``moving groups,'' which can be detected kinematically because of theirsmall internal velocity dispersion. The nearby associations have a largeextent on the sky, which traditionally has limited astrometricmembership determination to bright stars (V<~6 mag), with spectraltypes earlier than ~B5. The Hipparcos measurements allow a majorimprovement in this situation. Moving groups are identified in theHipparcos Catalog by combining de Bruijne's refurbished convergent pointmethod with the ``Spaghetti method'' of Hoogerwerf & Aguilar.Astrometric members are listed for 12 young stellar groups, out to adistance of ~650 pc. These are the three subgroups Upper Scorpius, UpperCentaurus Lupus, and Lower Centaurus Crux of Sco OB2, as well as VelOB2, Tr 10, Col 121, Per OB2, alpha Persei (Per OB3), Cas-Tau, Lac OB1,Cep OB2, and a new group in Cepheus, designated as Cep OB6. Theselection procedure corrects the list of previously known astrometricand photometric B- and A-type members in these groups and identifiesmany new members, including a significant number of F stars, as well asevolved stars, e.g., the Wolf-Rayet stars gamma^2 Vel (WR 11) in Vel OB2and EZ CMa (WR 6) in Col 121, and the classical Cepheid delta Cep in CepOB6. Membership probabilities are given for all selected stars. MonteCarlo simulations are used to estimate the expected number of interloperfield stars. In the nearest associations, notably in Sco OB2, thelater-type members include T Tauri objects and other stars in the finalpre-main-sequence phase. This provides a firm link between the classicalhigh-mass stellar content and ongoing low-mass star formation. Detailedstudies of these 12 groups, and their relation to the surroundinginterstellar medium, will be presented elsewhere. Astrometric evidencefor moving groups in the fields of R CrA, CMa OB1, Mon OB1, Ori OB1, CamOB1, Cep OB3, Cep OB4, Cyg OB4, Cyg OB7, and Sct OB2, is inconclusive.OB associations do exist in many of these regions, but they are eitherat distances beyond ~500 pc where the Hipparcos parallaxes are oflimited use, or they have unfavorable kinematics, so that the groupproper motion does not distinguish it from the field stars in theGalactic disk. The mean distances of the well-established groups aresystematically smaller than the pre-Hipparcos photometric estimates.While part of this may be caused by the improved membership lists, arecalibration of the upper main sequence in the Hertzsprung-Russelldiagram may be called for. The mean motions display a systematicpattern, which is discussed in relation to the Gould Belt. Six of the 12detected moving groups do not appear in the classical list of nearby OBassociations. This is sometimes caused by the absence of O stars, but inother cases a previously known open cluster turns out to be (part of) anextended OB association. The number of unbound young stellar groups inthe solar neighborhood may be significantly larger than thoughtpreviously.
| Four-color photometry for the association Lac OB1.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1976PASP...88..930C&db_key=AST
| Spectral classification of stars in Lac OB1
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1976AJ.....81.1120G&db_key=AST
| Hβ Photometry for the Association i Lacertae.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1961ApJ...133..860C&db_key=AST
| A Study of the i Lacertae Association.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1959ApJ...129..601H&db_key=AST
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| Takýmyýldýz: | Kertenkele |
| Sað Açýklýk: | 22h51m50.19s |
| Yükselim: | +39°08'41.6" |
| Görünürdeki Parlaklýk: | 9.455 |
| özdevim Sað Açýklýk: | 0.7 |
| özdevim Yükselim: | -3.5 |
| B-T magnitude: | 9.422 |
| V-T magnitude: | 9.453 |
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