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E-BOSS: an Extensive stellar BOw Shock Survey. I. Methods and first catalogue
Context. Bow shocks are produced by many astrophysical objects whereshock waves are present. Stellar bow shocks, generated by runaway stars,have been previously detected in small numbers and well-studied. Alongwith progress in model development and improvements in observinginstruments, our knowledge of the emission produced by these objects andits origin can now be more clearly understood. Aims: We produce astellar bow-shock catalogue by applying uniform search criteria and asystematic search process. This catalogue is a starting point forstatistical studies, to help us address fundamental questions such as,for instance, the conditions under wich a stellar bow shock isdetectable. Methods: By using the newest infrared data releases,we carried out a search for bow shocks produced by early-type runawaystars. We first explored whether a set of known IRAS bow shockcandidates are visible in the most recently available IR data, which hasmuch higher resolution and sensitivity. We then carried out a selectionof runaway stars from the latest, large runaway catalogue available. Inthis first release, we focused on OB stars and searched for bow-shapedfeatures in the vicinity of these stars. Results: We provide abow-shock candidate survey that gathers a total of 28 members, which wecall the Extensive stellar BOw Shock Survey (E-BOSS). We derive the mainbow-shock parameters, and present some preliminary statistical resultson the detected objects. Conclusions: Our analysis of the initialsample and the newly detected objects yields a bow-shock detectabilityaround OB stars of ~10 per cent. The detections do not seem to dependparticularly on either stellar mass, age or position. The extension ofthe E-BOSS sample, with upcoming IR data, and by considering, forexample, other spectral types as well, will allow us to perform a moredetailed study of the findings.
| A catalogue of young runaway Hipparcos stars within 3 kpc from the Sun
Traditionally, runaway stars are O- and B-type stars with large peculiarvelocities. We would like to extend this definition to young stars (upto ?50 Myr) of any spectral type and to identify those present in theHipparcos catalogue by applying different selection criteria, such aspeculiar space velocities or peculiar one-dimensional velocities.Runaway stars are important for studying the evolution of multiple starsystems or star clusters, as well as for identifying the origins ofneutron stars. We compile the distances, proper motions, spectral types,luminosity classes, V magnitudes and B-V colours, and we utilizeevolutionary models from different authors to obtain star ages. We studya sample of 7663 young Hipparcos stars within 3 kpc from the Sun. Theradial velocities are obtained from the literature. We investigate thedistributions of the peculiar spatial velocity and the peculiar radialvelocity as well as the peculiar tangential velocity and itsone-dimensional components and we obtain runaway star probabilities foreach star in the sample. In addition, we look for stars that aresituated outside any OB association or OB cluster and the Galactic planeas well as stars for which the velocity vector points away from themedian velocity vector of neighbouring stars or the surrounding local OBassociation/cluster (although the absolute velocity might be small). Wefind a total of 2547 runaway star candidates (with a contamination ofnormal Population I stars of 20 per cent at most). Thus, aftersubtracting these 20 per cent, the runaway frequency among young starsis about 27 per cent. We compile a catalogue of runaway stars, which isavailable via VizieR.
| Masses and luminosities of O- and B-type stars and red supergiants
Massive stars are of interest as progenitors of supernovae, i.e.neutron stars and black holes, which can be sources of gravitationalwaves. Recent population synthesis models can predict neutron star andgravitational wave observations but deal with a fixed supernova rate oran assumed initial mass function for the population of massive stars. Here we investigate those massive stars, which are supernovaprogenitors, i.e. with O- and early B-type stars, and also allsupergiants within 3 kpc. We restrict our sample to those massive starsdetected both in 2MASS and observed by Hipparcos, i.e. only those starswith parallax and precise photometry. To determine the luminositieswe calculated the extinctions from published multi-colour photometry,spectral types, luminosity class, all corrected for multiplicity andrecently revised Hipparcos distances. We use luminosities andtemperatures to estimate the masses and ages of these stars usingdifferent models from different authors. Having estimated theluminosities of all our stars within 3 kpc, in particular for all O- andearly B-type stars, we have determined the median and mean luminositiesfor all spectral types for luminosity classes I, III, and V. Ourluminosity values for supergiants deviate from earlier results: Previouswork generally overestimates distances and luminosities compared to ourdata, this is likely due to Hipparcos parallaxes (generally moreaccurate and larger than previous ground-based data) and the fact thatmany massive stars have recently been resolved into multiples of lowermasses and luminosities. From luminosities and effective temperatureswe derived masses and ages using mass tracks and isochrones fromdifferent authors. From masses and ages we estimated lifetimes andderived a lower limit for the supernova rate of ?20 events/Myraveraged over the next 10 Myr within 600 pc from the sun. These data arethen used to search for areas in the sky with higher likelihood for asupernova or gravitational wave event (like OB associations).
| New Estimates of the Solar-Neighborhood Massive Star Birthrate and the Galactic Supernova Rate
The birthrate of stars of masses >=10 Msolar is estimatedfrom a sample of just over 400 O3-B2 dwarfs within 1.5 kpc of the Sunand the result extrapolated to estimate the Galactic supernova ratecontributed by such stars. The solar-neighborhood Galactic-plane massivestar birthrate is estimated at ~176 stars kpc-3Myr-1. On the basis of a model in which the Galactic stellardensity distribution comprises a ``disk+central hole'' like that of thedust infrared emission (as proposed by Drimmel and Spergel), theGalactic supernova rate is estimated at probably not less than ~1 normore than ~2 per century and the number of O3-B2 dwarfs within the solarcircle at ~200,000.
| Catalog of Galactic OB Stars
An all-sky catalog of Galactic OB stars has been created by extendingthe Case-Hamburg Galactic plane luminous-stars surveys to include 5500additional objects drawn from the literature. This work brings the totalnumber of known or reasonably suspected OB stars to over 16,000.Companion databases of UBVβ photometry and MK classifications forthese objects include nearly 30,000 and 20,000 entries, respectively.
| Hipparcos astrometry for 257 stars using Tycho-2 data
We present improved Hipparcos astrometry for 257 Hipparcos stars,resolved into 342 components. For 64 of the stars no astrometry wasobtained in the Hipparcos Catalogue, while for the remaining starsadditional components have been added by this solution or the positionshave been revised considerably. We have used the published Hipparcostransit data for the new solutions, together with results from thesecond reduction of the Tycho data for defining better initial values.Based on observations made with the ESA Hipparcos astrometry satellite.Table 3 is only available in electronic form at the CDS via anonymousftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| UBV beta Database for Case-Hamburg Northern and Southern Luminous Stars
A database of photoelectric UBV beta photometry for stars listed in theCase-Hamburg northern and southern Milky Way luminous stars surveys hasbeen compiled from the original research literature. Consisting of over16,000 observations of some 7300 stars from over 500 sources, thisdatabase constitutes the most complete compilation of such photometryavailable for intrinsically luminous stars around the Galactic plane.Over 5000 stars listed in the Case-Hamburg surveys still lackfundamental photometric data.
| A Radial Velocity Database for Stephenson-Sanduleak Southern Luminous Stars
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1997AJ....113..823R&db_key=AST
| An Extension of the Case-Hamburg OB Star Surveys
We have extended the Case-Hamburg OB star surveys to b = +- 30 degreesfor l = +- 60 degres using the Curtis Schmidt telescope and 4 degreeobjective prism at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory. Acatalog of 234 OB stars and other objects with peculiar spectra ispresented along with finding charts for those objects too faint to beincluded on the BD or CD charts. (SECTION: Stars)
| A spectroscopic database for Stephenson-Sanduleak Southern Luminous Stars
A database of published spectral classifications for objects in theStepenson-Sanduleak Luminous Stars in the Southern Milky Way catalog hasbeen compiled from the literature. A total of 6182 classifications for2562 stars from 139 sources are incorporated.
| An IUE survey of interstellar H I LY alpha absorption. 1: Column densities
We measure Galactic interstellar neutral hydrogen column densities byanalyzing archival interstellar Ly alpha absorption line data toward 554B2 and hotter stars observed at high resolution with the IUE satellite.This study more than doubles the number of lines of sight with measuresof N(H I) based on Ly alpha. We have included the scattered lightbackground correction algorithm of Bianchi and Bohlin in our datareduction. We use the correlation between the Balmer discontinuity(c1) index and the stellar Ly alpha absorption in order toassess the effects of stellar Ly alpha contamination. Approximately 40%of the B stars with measured (c1) index, exhibit seriousstellar Ly alpha contamination. One table contains the derived values ofthe interstellar N(H I) for 393 stars with at most small amounts ofstellar contamination. Another lists the observed values of total N(H I)for 161 stars with suspected stellar Ly alpha contamination and/oruncertain stellar parameters.
| The case for diffuse, collisionally ionized interstellar C IV and SI IV below Z = 1 KPC
Highly ionized gas in the galactic disk and disc/halo interface regionwas studied using IUE observations of C IV and Si IV absorption in 19codirectional sight-lines to early-type stars. Evidence for a generallydistributed, collisionally ionized phase of this gas having a density inthe plane of 3 times 10 to the minus 9th power/cc and a scale height inthe range of 1 to 3 kpc is presented. It is shown that the use of arestricted range of sight-line directions in studies such as this mayreduce confusion resulting from inhomogeneities in the distribution ofthe highly ionized medium.
| On the origin of intermediate-latitude OB stars
An attempt is made to trace the origin of early-type stars observed atappreciable distances from the galactic plane. Because uncertainties inthe proper motions make space motions and hence dynamical lifetimesrather inaccurate, a theory of oscillations normal to the plane has beenused to compute radial velocities for 138 intermediate-latitude OBstars. These theoretical values are then compared with the observedradial velocities, and it is found that the low-velocity stars wereprobably ejected from the plane some time after formation, while thehigh-velocity stars were ejected very soon after formation. Velocitiesof ejection perpendicular to the plane are computed and show a narrowdistribution with a mean absolute value of 7 km/s together with a spreadof velocities from about 40 to over 200 km/s. The data are in reasonableagreement with a 'sling' effect and 'runaway' origin for the stars inthe sample.
| Radial velocities of southern early-type stars at intermediate galactic latitudes.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1975MNRAS.172..649K&db_key=AST
| H-beta photometry of southern early-type stars and galactic structure away from the plane
H-beta photoelectric photometry is reported for 165 early-type stars atintermediate and high galactic latitudes. The data are combined withearlier UBV and spectroscopic results to determine the stellar spacedistribution. Stars of type B2 and earlier, at distances of up to 1 kpcfrom the galactic plane, appear to follow spiral structure in the plane.The available material, particularly the derived color excesses, is usedto select a number of blue stars which may be subluminous.
| UBV photometry of southern early-type stars
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1974MNRAS.168..451H&db_key=AST
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