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Resolving the Dusty Circumstellar Structure of the Enigmatic Symbiotic Star CH Cygni with the MMT Adaptive Optics System
We imaged the symbiotic star CH Cyg and two PSF calibration stars usingthe unique 6.5 m MMT deformable secondary adaptive optics system. Ourhigh-resolution (FWHM = 0.3"), very high Strehl (98%+/-2%), mid-infrared(9.8 and 11.7 μm) images of CH Cyg allow us to probe finer lengthscales than ever before for this object. CH Cyg is significantlyextended compared to our unresolved PSF calibration stars (μ UMa andα Her) at 9.8 and 11.7 μm. We estimated the size of theextension by convolving a number of simple Gaussian models with the μUMa PSF and determining which model provided the best fit to the data.Adopting the Hipparcos distance for this object of 270 pc, we found anearly Gaussian extension with a FWHM at 9.8 μm of ~40.5+/-2.7 AU(0.15"+/-0.01") and a FWHM at 11.7 μm of 45.9+/-2.7 AU(0.17"+/-0.01"). After subtracting out the Gaussian component of theemission (convolved with our PSF), we found a faint ~ 0.7" asymmetricextension, which peaks in flux ~0.5" north of the stars. This extensionis roughly coincident with the northern knotlike feature seen in HSTWFPC2 images obtained in 1999.The results presented here made use of the of MMT Observatory, afacility jointly operated by the University of Arizona and theSmithsonian Institution.
| Speckle observations with PISCO in Merate - I. Astrometric measurements of visual binaries in 2004
We present relative astrometric measurements of visual binaries madewith the Pupil Interferometry Speckle camera and Coronagraph (PISCO) atthe 1-m Zeiss telescope of Brera Astronomical Observatory, in Merate. Weprovide 135 new observations of 103 objects, with angular separations inthe range 0.1-4.0 arcsec and with an accuracy better than ~0.01 arcsec.Our sample is made of orbital couples as well as binaries whose motionis still uncertain. Our purpose is to improve the accuracy of the orbitsand constrain the masses of the components.This work already leads to the revision of the orbits of three systems(ADS 5447, 8035 and 8739).
| High-Resolution Mid-Infrared Imaging of the Asymptotic Giant Branch Star RV Bootis with the Steward Observatory Adaptive Optics System
We present high-resolution (~0.1"), very high Strehl ratio (0.97+/-0.03)mid-IR adaptive optics (AO) images of the asymptotic giant branch (AGB)star RV Boo utilizing the MMT adaptive secondary AO system. RV Boo wasobserved at a number of wavelengths over two epochs (9.8 μm in 2003May and 8.8, 9.8, and 11.7 μm in 2004 February) and appeared slightlyextended at all wavelengths. While the extension is very slight at 8.8and 11.7 μm, the extension is somewhat more pronounced at 9.8 μm.With such high Strehl ratios, we can achieve superresolutions of 0.1" bydeconvolving RV Boo with a point-spread function (PSF) derived from anunresolved star. We tentatively resolve RV Boo into a 0.16" FWHMextension at a position angle of 120°. At a distance of390+250-100 pc, this corresponds to a FWHM of60+40-15 AU. We measure a total flux at 9.8 μmof 145+/-24 Jy for the disk and star. Based on a dust thermal emissionmodel for the observed IR spectral energy distribution and the 9.8 μmAO image, we derive a disk dust mass of 1.6×10-6Msolar and an inclination of 30°-45° from edge-on. Wediscuss whether the dust disk observed around RV Boo is an example ofthe early stages in the formation of asymmetric structure in planetarynebulae.
| Mid-Infrared Imaging of the Post-Asymptotic Giant Branch Star AC Herculis with the Multiple Mirror Telescope Adaptive Optics System
We utilized the unique 6.5 m Multiplie Mirror Telescope deformablesecondary adaptive optics (AO) system to produce high-resolution(FWHM=0.3"), very high Strehl mid-infrared (9.8, 11.7, and 18 μm)images of the post-asymptotic giant branch star AC Her. The very high(98%+/-2%) Strehls achieved with mid-IR AO led naturally to anultrastable point-spread function (PSF) independent of air mass, seeing,or location on the sky. We find no significant difference between ACHer's morphology and our unresolved PSF calibration stars (μ UMa andα Her) at 9.8, 11.7, and 18 μm. Our current observations do notconfirm any extended mid-IR structure around AC Her. These observationsare in conflict with previously reported Keck (seeing-limited) 11.7 and18 μm images that suggested the presence of a resolved ~0.6" edge-oncircumbinary disk. We conclude that AC Her has no extended mid-IRstructure on scales greater than 0.2" (R<75 AU). These first resultsof mid-IR AO science are very encouraging for future high-accuracymid-IR imaging with this technique.The results presented here made use of the of Multiple Mirror Telescope(MMT) Observatory, a facility jointly operated by the University ofArizona and the Smithsonian Institution.
| Speckle Interferometry at the US Naval Observatory. VIII.
The results of 2044 speckle interferometric observations of doublestars, made with the 26 inch (66 cm) refractor of the US NavalObservatory, are presented. Each speckle interferometric observation ofa system represents a combination of over a thousand short-exposureimages. These observations are averaged into 1399 mean positions andrange in separation from 0.16" to 14.97", with a mean separation of2.51". This is the eighth in a series of papers presenting measuresobtained with this system and covers the period 2001 March 18 through2001 December 30.
| A Spectroscopic and Photometric Survey of Stars in the Field of L1457: A New Distance Determination
We present a spectroscopic and photometric survey of a sample of fieldstars in the region of the molecular cloud L1457. High-qualitycoudé feed spectra, together with five-band photometry in theSloan Digital Sky Survey system and near-infrared archival data from theTwo Micron All Sky Survey, are used to derive color excesses anddistances for the stars. Based on these data, a new distance estimate of360+/-30 pc is derived for the cloud, supporting recent results by K. L.Luhman. The data further indicate that the north-south velocity gradientseen in the millimeter-wave CO data is mirrored in a distance gradient,with the northern part of the cloud being closer to us. A second, lessopaque, layer of extinction is detected at ~80 pc. This distance isconsistent with the earlier distance estimates to the cloud, based on NaI absorption. We identify this layer with the wall of the hot LocalBubble. Hence, the dense cloud is not, as previously thought, associatedwith the Local Bubble.
| Photometric Investigation of the MBM 12 Molecular Cloud Area in Aries. II. Cloud Distance
Photoelectric magnitudes and color indices in the Vilnius seven-colorsystem for 152 stars are used to investigate the interstellar extinctionin the area of the Aries molecular cloud MBM 12, coinciding with theL1454 and L1457 dust clouds. Spectral types, absolute magnitudes, colorexcesses, interstellar extinctions and distances of the stars aredetermined. The plot of interstellar extinction A_V versus distanceshows that the dust cloud is situated at a distance of 325 pc, at 180 pcfrom the Galactic plane, and its true diameter is about 11 pc. Theinterstellar extinction law in the area is found to be normal, typicalfor the diffuse dust. Ten peculiar or unresolved binary stars and someheavily reddened stars are detected.
| Photometric Investigation of the MBM 12 Molecular Cloud Area in Aries. I. Photoelectric Photometry
The results of photoelectric photometry in the Vilnius seven-colorsystem are given for 152 stars down to 12.2 mag in the area of themolecular cloud MBM 12 and the dust clouds L1454 and L1457 in Aries. Theresults of photometric classification of stars are also given. Theinvestigation of interstellar extinction in the area is described in thenext paper.
| Kinematics of Hipparcos Visual Binaries. II. Stars with Ground-Based Orbital Solutions
This paper continues kinematical investigations of the Hipparcos visualbinaries with known orbits. A sample, consisting of 804 binary systemswith orbital elements determined from ground-based observations, isselected. The mean relative error of their parallaxes is about 12% andthe mean relative error of proper motions is about 4%. However, even 41%of the sample stars lack radial velocity measurements. The computedGalactic velocity components and other kinematical parameters are usedto divide the stars with known radial velocities into kinematical agegroups. The majority (92%) of binaries from the sample are thin diskstars, 7.6% have thick disk kinematics and only two binaries have halokinematics. Among them, the long-period variable Mira Ceti has a verydiscordant {Hipparcos} and ground-based parallax values. From the wholesample, 60 stars are ascribed to the thick disk and halo population.There is an urgent need to increase the number of the identified halobinaries with known orbits and substantially improve the situation withradial velocity data for stars with known orbits.
| On the MBM 12 Young Association
I present a comprehensive study of the MBM 12 young association (MBM12A). By combining infrared (IR) photometry from the Two-Micron All-SkySurvey (2MASS) survey with new optical imaging and spectroscopy, I haveperformed a census of the MBM 12A membership that is complete to 0.03Msolar (H~15) for a 1.75d×1.4d field encompassing theMBM 12 cloud. I find five new members with masses of 0.1-0.4Msolar and a few additional candidates that have not beenobserved spectroscopically. From an analysis of optical and IRphotometry for stars in the direction of MBM 12, I identify M dwarfs inthe foreground and background of the cloud. By comparing the magnitudesof these stars to those of local field dwarfs, I arrive at a distancemodulus 7.2+/-0.5 (275 pc) to the MBM 12 cloud; it is not the nearestmolecular cloud and is not inside the local bubble of hot ionized gas ashad been implied by previous distance estimates of 50-100 pc. I havealso used Li strengths and H-R diagrams to constrain the absolute andrelative ages of MBM 12A and other young populations; these dataindicate ages of 2+3-1 Myr for MBM 12A and ~10 Myrfor the TW Hya and η Cha associations. MBM 12A may be a slightlyevolved version of the aggregates of young stars within the Taurus darkclouds (~1 Myr) near the age of the IC 348 cluster (~2 Myr).
| Speckle Interferometry of New and Problem Hipparcos Binaries. II. Observations Obtained in 1998-1999 from McDonald Observatory
The Hipparcos satellite made measurements of over 9734 known doublestars, 3406 new double stars, and 11,687 unresolved but possible doublestars. The high angular resolution afforded by speckle interferometrymakes it an efficient means to confirm these systems from the ground,which were first discovered from space. Because of its coverage of adifferent region of angular separation-magnitude difference(ρ-Δm) space, speckle interferometry also holds promise toascertain the duplicity of the unresolved Hipparcos ``problem'' stars.Presented are observations of 116 new Hipparcos double stars and 469Hipparcos ``problem stars,'' as well as 238 measures of other doublestars and 246 other high-quality nondetections. Included in these areobservations of double stars listed in the Tycho-2 Catalogue andpossible grid stars for the Space Interferometry Mission.
| Binary star speckle measurements at Calar Alto. I.
We present the first results of our speckle interferometric measurementsof binary stars made with the ICCD speckle camera using the 1.52-mtelescope of the Observatorio Astronomico Nacional at Calar Alto (Spain)in September, 1999. The data contain 123 observations of 83 systems. Themeasured angular separations range from 0farcs153 to 6farcs727 . We haveused there new speckle measurements to improve the orbital elements forthe binaries COU 247 and BU 524 AB.
| Speckle Interferometry at the US Naval Observatory. VI.
The results of 1068 speckle interferometric observations of doublestars, made with the 26 inch (0.66 m) refractor of the US NavalObservatory, are presented. These observations are averaged into 841means of 815 binary stars. The systems range in separation from 0.22" to6.01" with a mean separation of 2.21" and have a limiting secondarymagnitude of V=12.5. This is the sixth in a series of papers presentingmeasures obtained with this system, and it covers the period 1999January 1 through 2000 January 9.
| ICCD Speckle Observations of Binary Stars. XXIII. Measurements during 1982-1997 from Six Telescopes, with 14 New Orbits
We present 2017 observations of 1286 binary stars, observed by means ofspeckle interferometry using six telescopes over a 15 year period from1982 April to 1997 June. These measurements constitute the 23dinstallment in CHARA's speckle program at 2 to 4 m class telescopes andinclude the second major collection of measurements from the MountWilson 100 inch (2.5 m) Hooker Telescope. Orbital elements are alsopresented for 14 systems, seven of which have had no previouslypublished orbital analyses.
| The distance to the nearest star-forming clouds: MBM12 and MBM20
We present high-resolution spectra (R ~ 49,000) of stars that haveparallax measurements from the Hipparcos satellite and are projectedalong the line of sight to the two nearest known star forming clouds tothe Sun: MBM12 and MBM20. The spectra were obtained with the FOCESEchelle Spectrograph at the 2.2 meter telescope in Calar Alto, Spain andthe wavelength range was chosen to include the interstellar Na I D linesat lambda 5889.950 Ä and lambda 5895.924 Ä. Since the starsare at a range of distances, we use their spectra along with theirparallaxes from Hipparcos to determine the distance to the moleculargas. The stars in front of the cloud do not show interstellar Na I Dabsorption features while the stars behind the cloud do showinterstellar absorption features. We find that both clouds are somewhatmore distant than previously estimated. The revised distance to MBM12 is58+/-5 pc < d < 90+/-12 pc and the distance to MBM20 is 112+/-15pc < d < 161+/-21 pc.
| Micrometer measurements of double stars made at the Côte D'Azur and Calar Alto observatories
We report 312 micrometer measurements of 155 visual double stars madewith the 50 cm refractor at the Côte D'Azur observatory (Nice,France) and with the 152 cm telescope at Calar Alto observatory(Almería, Spain).
| Two-colour photometry for 9473 components of close Hipparcos double and multiple stars
Using observations obtained with the Tycho instrument of the ESAHipparcos satellite, a two-colour photometry is produced for componentsof more than 7 000 Hipparcos double and multiple stars with angularseparations 0.1 to 2.5 arcsec. We publish 9473 components of 5173systems with separations above 0.3 arcsec. The majority of them did nothave Tycho photometry in the Hipparcos catalogue. The magnitudes arederived in the Tycho B_T and V_T passbands, similar to the Johnsonpassbands. Photometrically resolved components of the binaries withstatistically significant trigonometric parallaxes can be put on an HRdiagram, the majority of them for the first time. Based on observationsmade with the ESA Hipparcos satellite.
| Speckle Interferometry at the US Naval Observatory. IV.
The results of 1314 speckle interferometric observations of 625 binarystars, ranging in separation from 0.2" to 5.2" with a limiting secondarymagnitude of V=11, are tabulated. These observations were obtained usingthe 66 cm refractor at the US Naval Observatory in Washington, DC, withan intensified CCD detector. This is the fourth in a series of paperspresenting measures obtained with this equipment and covers the period1997 January 1 through December 31. Random errors for all measures areestimated to be 18 mas in separation and 0.57d/rho in position angle,where rho is the separation in arcseconds.
| Speckle Interferometry at the US Naval Observatory. III.
Position angles and separations resulting from 2578 speckleinterferometric observations of 590 binary stars are tabulated. This isthe third in a series of papers presenting measures obtained using the66 cm refractor at the US Naval Observatory in Washington, DC, andcovers the period from 1995 June through 1996 December. Program starsrange in separation from 0.2" to 4.3", with a limiting magnitude ofV=11. Random errors are estimated to be 17.0 mas in separation and0.56d/rho in position angle, where rho is the separation in arcseconds.These are the first results acquired using an improved intensified CCDdetector. The new detector, in concert with an intensity-filteringtechnique applied in software, has permitted a 1 mag increase in dynamicrange, to 3.5 mag, for pairs separated by about 2". The instrumentationand calibration are briefly described, with an emphasis on thecharacteristics of the new detector. The software filter used toincrease the dynamic range is also described.
| Speckle Interferometry at the US Naval Observatory. II.
Position angles and separations resulting from 2406 speckleinterferometric observations of 547 binary stars are tabulated. This isthe second in a series of papers presenting measures obtained using the66 cm refractor at the US Naval Observatory in Washington, DC, with anintensified CCD detector. Program stars range in separation from 0.2" to3.8", with Deltam<=2.5 mag and a limiting magnitude of V=10.0. Theobservation epochs run from 1993 January through 1995 August. Randomerrors are estimated to be 14 mas in separation and 0.52d/rho inposition angle, where rho is the separation in arcseconds. Theinstrumentation and calibration are briefly described. Aspects of thedata analysis related to the avoidance of systematic errors are alsodiscussed.
| Speckle Observations of Binary Stars with the WIYN Telescope. I. Measures During 1997
Two hundred seventy-seven position angle and separation measures of 154double stars are presented. Three of the systems were previously unknownto be double, and 16 other systems were discovered earlier this decadeby the Hipparcos satellite. Measures are derived from speckleobservations taken with the Wisconsin-Indiana-Yale-NOAO (WIYN) 3.5 mtelescope located at Kitt Peak, Arizona. Speckle images were obtainedusing two different imaging detectors, namely, a multianode microchannelarray (MAMA) detector and a fast-readout CCD. A measurement precisionstudy was performed on a sample of binaries with extremely well knownorbits by comparing the measures obtained here to the ephemerispredictions. For the CCD, the root mean square (rms) deviation ofresiduals was found to be 3.5 milliarcseconds (mas) in separation and1.2d in position angle, while the residuals of the MAMA data varieddepending on the magnification used and seeing conditions but can becomparable or superior to the CCD values. In addition, the two cameraswere compared in terms of the detection limit in total magnitude andmagnitude difference of the systems under study. The MAMA system has theability to detect some systems with magnitude differences larger than3.5, although reliable astrometry could not be obtained on theseobjects. Reliable astrometry was obtained on a system of magnitudedifference of 5.3 with the CCD system.
| Micrometer measurements of visual double stars made at the Cote d'Azur Observatory.
Not Available
| ICCD Speckle Observations of Binary Stars. XVII. Measurements During 1993-1995 From the Mount Wilson 2.5-M Telescope.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1997AJ....114.1639H&db_key=AST
| Speckle Interferometry at the US Naval Observatory. I.
We present speckle interferometer measurements of 467 binary stars takenat the US Naval Observatory in Washington, DC, using the 66 cmrefractor, from 1990 October through 1992 December. The observingprogram is designed to provide high-quality observations of binaries inthe 0."3--3."5 range of separations and as faint as 10.0 mag. More than8000 measurements have been made to date, of which we report the resultsfor 2329. Not only is it our intent to provide accurate data forinteresting binary stars, but also, by careful calibration, to firmlyrelate the "classical" astrometry of binary stars to that being obtainedtoday by speckle and that which will soon be obtained by other moderntechniques such as long-baseline optical interferometry.
| ICCD Speckle Observations of Binary Stars.XV.An Investigation of Lunar Occultation Systems
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1996AJ....112.2260M&db_key=AST
| The local distribution of NA I interstellar gas
We present high-resolution absorption measurements (lambda/Delta lambdaapproximately 75,000) of the interstellar Na I D lines at 5890 A toward80 southern hemisphere early-type stars located in the localinterstellar medium (LISM). Combining these results with other sodiummeasurements taken from the literature, we produce galactic maps of thedistribution of neutral sodium column density for a total of 293 starsgenerally lying within approximately 250 pc of the Sun. These mapsreveal the approximate shape of the mid-plane contours of the rarefiedregion of interstellar space termed the Local Bubble. Its shape is seenas highly asymmetric, with a radius ranging from 30 to 300 pc, and withan average radius of 60 pc. Similar plots of the Galactic mid-planedistribution of sources emitting extreme ultraviolet radiation show thatthey also trace out similar contours of the Local Bubble derived from NaI absorption measurements. We conclude that the Local Bubble absorptioninterface can be represented by a hydrogen column density,NuETA = 2 x 1019 cm-2, which explainsboth the local distribution of Na I absorption and the observed galacticdistribution of extreme ultraviolet sources. The derived mid-planecontours of the Bubble generally reproduce the large-scale featurescarved out in the interstellar medium by several nearby galactic shellstructures.
| Micrometer measurements of visual double stars made at the Spanish observatories at Calar Alto and Fabra
The study presents 184-micrometer measurements of 100 double starsobserved with the 152-cm telescope at Calar Alto (Almeria, Spain) andthe 38-cm refractor at Fabra Observatory (Barcelona, Spain). The epoch,observed position angle, angular distance between components, number ofnights on which the star was observed, and an indication of the observerare given. Orbits were calculated for almost all the observed stars.
| America's Last Pleiades Occultation
Not Available
| Speckle observations of visual and spectroscopic binaries. II
Results are presented from speckle observations carried out for 54visual and 45 spectroscopic binaries by using the 212 cm telescope atSan Pedro Martir Observatory in Mexico on six nights from October 20 toOctober 25, 1988. Fringes in power spectrum of 41 visual andspectroscopic binaries (six newly resolved ones) with angular separationlarger than 0.15 arcsec are obtained. Two spectroscopic binaries, HD41116 and HD 206901, each of which has the third component staradditionally to two stars showing periodic variation of radial velocity,were found.
| A search for SH(+) and CH(+) in diffuse and translucent clouds
Results are reported from a search for SH(+) absorption at about 336 nmfrom diffuse interstellar clouds and high-latitude molecular clouds inthe direction of nine early-type stars. Two of the lines of sight in thedirection of translucent high-latitude molecular clouds were alsosearched for CH(+) absorption at 4232 nm. Both CH(+) and SH(+) arebelieved to be formed by endothermic reactions which require the passageof a shock through the diffuse cloud. SH(+), in particular, is thoughtto form as a consequence of an MHD shock. SH(+) was not detected fromany of the lines of sight, nor was CH(+) detected from either of thehigh-latitude clouds. The N(SH+) upper limits obtained are marginallyinconsistent with the presence of MHD shocks with velocities greaterthan 14 km/s, and the nondetections of CH(+) for the high-latitudeclouds are inconsistent with current shock-chemistry models.
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Observation and Astrometry data
| Constellation: | Κριός |
| Right ascension: | 02h58m53.09s |
| Declination: | +21°37'03.8" |
| Apparent magnitude: | 6.734 |
| Distance: | 140.845 parsecs |
| Proper motion RA: | 43.6 |
| Proper motion Dec: | -19.1 |
| B-T magnitude: | 6.985 |
| V-T magnitude: | 6.755 |
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