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Abundances of Na, Mg and Al in nearby metal-poor stars
To determine the population membership of nearby stars we exploreabundance results obtained for the light neutron-rich elements23Na and 27 Al in a small sample of moderatelymetal-poor stars. Spectroscopic observations are limited to the solarneighbourhood so that gravities can be determined from HIPPARCOSparallaxes, and the results are confronted with those for a separatesample of more metal-poor typical halo stars. Following earlierinvestigations, the abundances of Na, Mg and Al have been derived fromNLTE statistical equilibrium calculations used as input to line profilesynthesis. Compared with LTE the abundances require systematiccorrections, with typical values of +0.05 for [Mg/Fe], -0.1 for [Na/Fe]and +0.2 for [Al/Fe] in thick disk stars where [Fe/H] -0.6. Inmore metal-poor halo stars these values reach +0.1, -0.4, and +0.5,respectively, differences that can no longer be ignored.After careful selection of a clean subsample free from suspected orknown binaries and peculiar stars, we find that [Na/Mg] and [Al/Mg], incombination with [Mg/Fe], space velocities and stellar evolutionaryages, make possible an individual discrimination between thick disk andhalo stars. At present, this evidence is limited by the small number ofstars analyzed. We identify a gap at [Al/Mg] -0.15 and [Fe/H] -1.0 that isolates stars of the thick disk from those in the halo.A similar separation occurs at [Na/Mg] -0.4. We do not confirm theage gap between thin and thick disk found by Fuhrmann. Instead we findan age boundary between halo and thick disk stars, however, with anabsolute value of 14 Gyr that must be considered as preliminary. Whilethe stellar sample is by no means complete, the resulting abundancesindicate the necessity to revise current models of chemical evolutionand/or stellar nucleosynthesis to allow for an adequate production ofneutron-rich species in early stellar generations.Based on observations collected at the German-Spanish AstronomicalCenter, Calar Alto (CAHA H01-2.2-002) and at the European SouthernObservatory, Chile (ESO 67.D-0086).
| Mg, Ba and Eu abundances in thick disk and halo stars
Our sample of cool dwarf stars from previous papers (Mashonkina &Gehren \cite{euba, eubasr}) is extended in this study including 15moderately metal-deficient stars. The samples of halo and thick diskstars have overlapping metallicities with [Fe/H] in the region from -0.9to -1.5, and we compare chemical properties of these two kinematicallydifferent stellar populations independent of their metallicity. Wepresent barium, europium and magnesium abundances for the new sample ofstars. The results are based on NLTE line formation obtained indifferential model atmosphere analyses of high resolution spectraobserved mainly using the UVES spectrograph at the VLT of the EuropeanSouthern Observatory. We confirm the overabundance of Eu relative to Mgin halo stars as reported in our previous papers. Eight halo stars show[Eu/Mg] values between 0.23 and 0.41, whereas stars in the thick andthin disk display a solar europium to magnesium ratio. The [Eu/Ba]values found in the thick disk stars to lie between 0.35 and 0.57suggest that during thick disk formation evolved low-mass stars startedto enrich the interstellar gas by s-nuclei of Ba, and the s-processcontribution to barium thus varies from 30% to 50%. Based on theseresults, and using the chemical evolution calculations by Travaglio etal. (\cite{eu99}), we estimate that the thick disk stellar populationformed on a timescale between 1.1 to 1.6 Gyr from the beginning of theprotogalactic collapse. In the halo stars the [Eu/Ba] values are foundmostly between 0.40 and 0.67, which suggests a duration of the haloformation of about 1.5 Gyr. For the whole sample of stars we present theeven-to-odd Ba isotope ratios as determined from hyperfine structureseen in the Ba Ii resonance line lambda 4554. As expected, the solarratio 82:18 (Cameron \cite{cam}) adjusts to observations of the Ba Iilines in the thin disk stars. In our halo stars the even-to-odd Baisotope ratios are close to the pure r-process ratio 54:46 (Arlandini etal. \cite{rs99}), and in the thick disk stars the isotope ratio isaround 65:35 (+/-10%). Based on these data we deduce for thick diskstars the ratio of the s/r-process contribution to barium as 30:70(+/-30%), in agreement with the results obtained from the [Eu/Ba]values. Based on observations collected at the European SouthernObservatory, Chile, 67.D-0086A, and the German Spanish AstronomicalCenter, Calar Alto, Spain.
| Two-colour photometry for 9473 components of close Hipparcos double and multiple stars
Using observations obtained with the Tycho instrument of the ESAHipparcos satellite, a two-colour photometry is produced for componentsof more than 7 000 Hipparcos double and multiple stars with angularseparations 0.1 to 2.5 arcsec. We publish 9473 components of 5173systems with separations above 0.3 arcsec. The majority of them did nothave Tycho photometry in the Hipparcos catalogue. The magnitudes arederived in the Tycho B_T and V_T passbands, similar to the Johnsonpassbands. Photometrically resolved components of the binaries withstatistically significant trigonometric parallaxes can be put on an HRdiagram, the majority of them for the first time. Based on observationsmade with the ESA Hipparcos satellite.
| Population studies. II - Kinematics as a function of abundance and galactocentric position for (Fe/H) of -0.6 or less
A catalog is presented of some 1200 Galactic objects which have radialvelocities and (Fe/H) abundances of -0.6 or less. These data areanalyzed to yield information on the kinematic properties of the olderpopulations of the Galaxy and on the interdependence between kinematicsand abundance. It is found that the kinematics of the availablekinematically selected stars differ from those of the nonkinematicallyselected objects. No evidence is found for any significant difference inthe kinematic properties of the various halo subgroups, nor for anydependence of kinematics on abundance. While the rotation of the halo issmall at about 37 km/s for (Fe/H) of -1.2 or less, it rises quickly forhigher abundances to a value of about 160 km/s at (Fe/H) = 0.6. Objectsin the abundance range -0.9 to -0.6 appear to belong predominantly to apopulation possessing the kinematic characteristics of a thick disk. Theimplications of these findings for the suggestion that globular clustersbelong to the same population as the noncluster objects, for the originof the thick disk, and for the mass of the Galaxy are discussed.
| Primarily Galactic stars with high radial velocity near the Magellanic Clouds
UBV photoelectric measurements and spectral types (sometimes revised)are presented for 54 mostly-foreground high-radial-velocity stars nearand between the SMC and LMC. The color-color diagram is shown to be verysimilar to that of Omega Cen. It is noted that four of the stars aresubdwarves, 23 stars are submetallic or horizontal branch stars, onestar is probably a member of the LMC, and the rest are population Istars of luminosity classes III-V. The density of high-velocityforeground stars towards the Magellanic Clouds appears to be about 20times higher than in other directions of similar galactic latitude.
| Southern metal-poor stars - UBVRI photometry
Considering the study of subdwarf kinematics and metallicities by Eggen,Lynden-Bell, and Sandage (1962), UBVRI photometry and normalizedultraviolet excesses are presented for 178 metal-poor stars, 144 ofwhich are contained in the kinematically unbiased list of Bidelman andMacConnell (1973). The Lowell 0.6 m telescope at Cerro Tololo was used,equipped with a single-channel photometer and a Ga-As photomultiplier.The final magnitudes and colors, number of observations, value ofdelta(U-B)0.6 (if B-V lies between 0.35 and 0.90), B and M class, andpublished spectral types for these stars are presented; severalextremely metal-poor stars are evident. In addition, sixteen nearbyvisual companions of the stars were measured, and their magnitudes andcolors are given.
| Intermediate-band photometry of late-type stars. VIII - Nonvariable stars in the halo population near the sun
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1979ApJ...229..158E&db_key=AST
| Non-supergiant high-velocity stars near the Magellanic Clouds.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1974A&AS...16..277C
| UBV Photometry of 500 Southern Stars [erratum: 1973MNSSA..32...48C]
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