B Star Rotational Velocities in h and χ Persei: A Probe of Initial Conditions during the Star Formation Epoch?
Projected rotational velocities (vsini) have been measured for 216 B0-B9stars in the rich, dense h and χ Persei double cluster and comparedwith the distribution of rotational velocities for a sample of fieldstars having comparable ages (t~12-15 Myr) and masses (M~4-15Msolar). For stars that are relatively little evolved fromtheir initial locations on the zero-age main sequence (ZAMS) (those withmasses M~4-5 Msolar), the mean vsini measured for the h andχ Per sample is slightly more than 2 times larger than the meandetermined for field stars of comparable mass, and the cluster and fieldvsini distributions differ with a high degree of significance. Forsomewhat more evolved stars with masses in the range 5-9Msolar, the mean vsini in h and χ Per is 1.5 times thatof the field; the vsini distributions differ as well, but with a lowerdegree of statistical significance. For stars that have evolvedsignificantly from the ZAMS and are approaching the hydrogen exhaustionphase (those with masses in the range 9-15 Msolar), thecluster and field star means and distributions are only slightlydifferent. We argue that both the higher rotation rates and the patternof rotation speeds as a function of mass that differentiatemain-sequence B stars in h and χ Per from their field analogs werelikely imprinted during the star formation process rather than a resultof angular momentum evolution over the 12-15 Myr cluster lifetime. Wespeculate that these differences may reflect the effects of the higheraccretion rates that theory suggests are characteristic of regions thatgive birth to dense clusters, namely, (1) higher initial rotationspeeds; (2) higher initial radii along the stellar birth line, resultingin greater spin-up between the birth line and the ZAMS; and (3) a morepronounced maximum in the birth line radius-mass relationship thatresults in differentially greater spin-up for stars that become mid- tolate-B stars on the ZAMS.
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The Ca II infrared triplet as indicator of anomalous Ca isotopic mixture in HgMn stars
For the first time we present observational evidence for an anomalousisotopic structure of Ca II in mercury-manganese (HgMn) stars. Thecentroid wavelengths of Ca II infrared triplet lines in a number ofstars have been found redshifted with respect to the centroids of theterrestrial Ca II lines. The record holder is the star HD 175640 forwhich the measured wavelength is consistent with Ca II being present inthe atmosphere entirely in form of the heaviest stable isotope48Ca. This is a very striking result as 48Ca makesup only 0.187% of the terrestrial Ca mixture.Based on observations obtained at the European Southern Observator, LaSilla and Paranal, Chile (ESO programme Nos. 65.L-0316 and 67.D-0579).
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On the elemental abundance and isotopic mixture of mercury in HgMn stars
Optical region spectra of 31 HgMn stars have been studied for theabundance and isotope mixture of mercury. In the course of theinvestigation the lines Hg I lambda 4358 and Hg Ii lambda lambda3984,6149 have been studied, with abundances established for all threelines in several HgMn stars. The mercury isotope mixture has beendetermined from high resolution spectra of the lambda 3984 line.Possible signs of an ionization anomaly have been detected by thecomparison of the abundance derived from the Hg I line and the Hg Iilines in seven of the observed HgMn stars. A possible correlation of themercury abundance with Teff has been detected. Possible signsof a weak anticorrelation of the manganese and mercury abundance in HgMnstars have been found, which could be interpreted as a sign ofinhomogeneous surface distribution of these elements. For a number ofthe HgMn stars in this study the mercury abundance and isotope mixtureare reported for the first time.
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Rotational Velocities of B Stars
We measured the projected rotational velocities of 1092 northern B starslisted in the Bright Star Catalogue (BSC) and calibrated them againstthe 1975 Slettebak et al. system. We found that the published values ofB dwarfs in the BSC average 27% higher than those standards. Only 0.3%of the stars have rotational velocities in excess of two-thirds of thebreakup velocities, and the mean velocity is only 25% of breakup,implying that impending breakup is not a significant factor in reducingrotational velocities. For the B8-B9.5 III-V stars the bimodaldistribution in V can be explained by a set of slowly rotating Ap starsand a set of rapidly rotating normal stars. For the B0-B5 III-V starsthat include very few peculiar stars, the distributions in V are notbimodal. Are the low rotational velocities of B stars due to theoccurrence of frequent low-mass companions, planets, or disks? Therotational velocities of giants originating from late B dwarfs areconsistent with their conservation of angular momentum in shells.However, we are puzzled by why the giants that originate from the earlyB dwarfs, despite having 3 times greater radii, have nearly the samerotational velocities. We find that all B-type primaries in binarieswith periods less than 2.4 days have synchronized rotational and orbitalmotions; those with periods between 2.4 and 5.0 days are rotating withina factor 2 of synchronization or are ``nearly synchronized.'' Thecorresponding period ranges for A-type stars are 4.9 and 10.5 days, ortwice as large. We found that the rotational velocities of the primariesare synchronized earlier than their orbits are circularized. The maximumorbital period for circularized B binaries is 1.5 days and for Abinaries is 2.5 days. For stars of various ages from 107.5 to1010.2 yr the maximum circularized periods are a smoothexponential function of age.
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The presence of Nd and Pr in HgMn stars
Optical region spectra for a number of upper main sequence chemicallypeculiar (CP) stars have been observed to study singly and doublyionized praseodymium and neodymium lines. In order to improve existingatomic data of these elements, laboratory measurements have been carriedout with the Lund VUV Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS). From thesemeasurements wavelengths and hyperfine structure (hfs) have been studiedfor selected Pr Ii, Pr Iii and Nd Iii lines of astrophysical interest.Radiative lifetimes for some excited states of Pr Ii have beendetermined with the aid of laser spectroscopy at the Lund Laser Center(LLC) and have been combined with branching fractions measured in thelaboratory to calculate gf values for some of the stronger optical linesof Pr Ii. With the aid of the derived gf values and laboratorymeasurements of the hfs, a praseodymium abundance was derived fromselected Pr Ii lines in the spectrum of the Am star 32 Aqr. Thisabundance was used to derive astrophysical gf values for selected Pr Iiilines in 32 Aqr, and these gf values were used to get a praseodymiumabundance for the HgMn star HR 7775. The praseodymium abundance in HR7775 was then utilized to derive astrophysical gf values for allobservable Pr Iii lines in this star. The neodymium abundance, derivedfrom unblended lines of Nd Ii in HR 7775, has been utilized to establishastrophysical gf values for observed Nd Iii lines in the optical regionof this star. Selected Pr Iii and Nd Iii lines have been identified andstudied in a number of HgMn stars and three hot Am stars. Thepraseodymium and neodymium abundance change rapidly from an approximate1-1.2 dex enhancement for the hot Am stars to 1.5-3 dex enhancement forthe cool HgMn stars, indicating a well-defined boundary between the hotAm and HgMn stars in the vicinity of 10 500 K. The enhancement ofpraseodymium and neodymium in Am and HgMn stars may be explained bydiffusive processes active in the stellar atmosphere, while the observeddiscontinuity might be explained by a thin hydrogen convection zonethought to be present for the Am stars, but absent in the HgMn stars.The absence of a convection zone would cause the diffused elements togather higher in the atmosphere of HgMn stars compared to Am stars, andexplain the observed increase in abundance.
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Two-colour photometry for 9473 components of close Hipparcos double and multiple stars
Using observations obtained with the Tycho instrument of the ESAHipparcos satellite, a two-colour photometry is produced for componentsof more than 7 000 Hipparcos double and multiple stars with angularseparations 0.1 to 2.5 arcsec. We publish 9473 components of 5173systems with separations above 0.3 arcsec. The majority of them did nothave Tycho photometry in the Hipparcos catalogue. The magnitudes arederived in the Tycho B_T and V_T passbands, similar to the Johnsonpassbands. Photometrically resolved components of the binaries withstatistically significant trigonometric parallaxes can be put on an HRdiagram, the majority of them for the first time. Based on observationsmade with the ESA Hipparcos satellite.
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Search for magnetic fields in HgMn stars by using relative strengths of multiplet 74 Fe II lines
The anomalous strength of the Fe II lambda 6147.7 line relative to Fe IIlambda 6149.2 in the stars with magnetic fields is used for detectingmagnetic fields in very slowly rotating HgMn stars. The diagnosis basedon this pair of magnetically sensitive Fe lines is a simple and fasttool, but its application to more rapidly rotating HgMn stars ishampered by blending with Hg II lambda 6149.5. For spectra ofsharp-lined HgMn stars (with v sin i<4 km s(-1) ) taken at highresolving power (R>= 100 000) both lines, Fe II lambda 6149.25 and HgII lambda 6149.48, become fully unblended. The observed relativedifferences between the equivalent widths of the two Fe II lines arecompared with those derived from synthetic spectra computed byneglecting magnetic field effects. This comparison has shown that threeHgMn stars, HD 175640, HD 178065 and HD 186122 are very likely topossess a magnetic field that could be larger than 2 kG. Based onobservations obtained at the European Southern Observatory, La Silla,Chile (ESO programme No.~61.D-0480)
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Speckle Interferometry of New and Problem HIPPARCOS Binaries
The ESA Hipparcos satellite made measurements of over 12,000 doublestars and discovered 3406 new systems. In addition to these, 4706entries in the Hipparcos Catalogue correspond to double star solutionsthat did not provide the classical parameters of separation and positionangle (rho,theta) but were the so-called problem stars, flagged ``G,''``O,'' ``V,'' or ``X'' (field H59 of the main catalog). An additionalsubset of 6981 entries were treated as single objects but classified byHipparcos as ``suspected nonsingle'' (flag ``S'' in field H61), thusyielding a total of 11,687 ``problem stars.'' Of the many ground-basedtechniques for the study of double stars, probably the one with thegreatest potential for exploration of these new and problem Hipparcosbinaries is speckle interferometry. Results are presented from aninspection of 848 new and problem Hipparcos binaries, using botharchival and new speckle observations obtained with the USNO and CHARAspeckle cameras.
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Isotopic composition of HG and Pt in 5 slowly rotating HgMn stars
Theoretical models addressing the origin of peculiarities in the spectraof HgMn stars have not been sufficiently constrained so far by theavailable abundance data. Previous studies of Hg and Pt in samples ofHgMn stars often relied on spectra of rather low resolution and low S/Nratio, so that only limited information could be derived from thecentroid wavelength of unresolved isotopic blends. In this paper wepresent the results of a study of the isotopic compositions of Hg and Ptin 5 very slowly rotating HgMn stars. This work represents animprovement over previous studies due to the availability of very highspectral resolution (R = 118 000) and to the new information onwavelengths and atomic structure of Hg II and Pt II. Each of theobserved stars has Hg overabundant by more than 5 dex compared with thesolar abundance. The largest overabundance of Pt (4.59 dex) was found inthe star HD 193452. No star shows terrestrial isotopic proportions. Themost pronounced deviation from the terrestrial composition is found inthe stars HD 141556 and HD 193452, which are the coolest ones in oursample. Based on observations obtained at the European SouthernObservatory, La Silla, Chile (ESO programme No.~58.D-0654)
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On the HIPPARCOS photometry of chemically peculiar B, A, and F stars
The Hipparcos photometry of the Chemically Peculiar main sequence B, A,and F stars is examined for variability. Some non-magnetic CP stars,Mercury-Manganese and metallic-line stars, which according to canonicalwisdom should not be variable, may be variable and are identified forfurther study. Some potentially important magnetic CP stars are noted.Tables 1, 2, and 3 are available only in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
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The HR-diagram from HIPPARCOS data. Absolute magnitudes and kinematics of BP - AP stars
The HR-diagram of about 1000 Bp - Ap stars in the solar neighbourhoodhas been constructed using astrometric data from Hipparcos satellite aswell as photometric and radial velocity data. The LM method\cite{luri95,luri96} allows the use of proper motion and radial velocitydata in addition to the trigonometric parallaxes to obtain luminositycalibrations and improved distances estimates. Six types of Bp - Apstars have been examined: He-rich, He-weak, HgMn, Si, Si+ and SrCrEu.Most Bp - Ap stars lie on the main sequence occupying the whole width ofit (about 2 mag), just like normal stars in the same range of spectraltypes. Their kinematic behaviour is typical of thin disk stars youngerthan about 1 Gyr. A few stars found to be high above the galactic planeor to have a high velocity are briefly discussed. Based on data from theESA Hipparcos astrometry satellite and photometric data collected in theGeneva system at ESO, La Silla (Chile) and at Jungfraujoch andGornergrat Observatories (Switzerland). Tables 3 and 4 are onlyavailable in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp tocdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
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Isotopic composition of HG and Pt in slowly rotating HgMn stars
Preliminary results from a study of the isotopic compositions of theelements Hg and Pt in a number of HgMn stars are presented. This workrepresents an improvement over previous studies thanks to the very highspectral resolution available (R = 118 000) and to the new informationon wavelengths and atomic structure of Hg II and Pt II.
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The ROSAT all-sky survey catalogue of optically bright OB-type stars.
For the detailed statistical analysis of the X-ray emission of hot starswe selected all stars of spectral type O and B listed in the Yale BrightStar Catalogue and searched for them in the ROSAT All-Sky Survey. Inthis paper we describe the selection and preparation of the data andpresent a compilation of the derived X-ray data for a complete sample ofbright OB stars.
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Far-Ultraviolet Stellar Photometry: Fields Centered on rho Ophiuchi and the Galactic Center
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1996ApJS..104..101S&db_key=AST
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ICCD Speckle Observations of Binary Stars. XIII. Measurements During 1989- 1994 From the Cerro Tololo 4 M Telescope
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1996AJ....111..936H&db_key=AST
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Vitesses radiales. Catalogue WEB: Wilson Evans Batten. Subtittle: Radial velocities: The Wilson-Evans-Batten catalogue.
We give a common version of the two catalogues of Mean Radial Velocitiesby Wilson (1963) and Evans (1978) to which we have added the catalogueof spectroscopic binary systems (Batten et al. 1989). For each star,when possible, we give: 1) an acronym to enter SIMBAD (Set ofIdentifications Measurements and Bibliography for Astronomical Data) ofthe CDS (Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg). 2) the numberHIC of the HIPPARCOS catalogue (Turon 1992). 3) the CCDM number(Catalogue des Composantes des etoiles Doubles et Multiples) byDommanget & Nys (1994). For the cluster stars, a precise study hasbeen done, on the identificator numbers. Numerous remarks point out theproblems we have had to deal with.
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Far-ultraviolet stellar photometry: Fields in Sagittarius and Scorpius
Far-ultraviolet photometry for 741 objects in a field in Sagittariuscentered near M8 and 541 objects in a field centered near sigma Scorpiiis presented. These data were extracted from electographic imagesobtained with two cameras during a shuttle flight in 1991 April/May. Thecameras provided band passes with lambdaeff = 1375 A andlambdaeff = 1781 A. Synthetic colors show that these bandsare sensitive to effective temperature for hot stars. Our measurementswere placed on a quantitative far-ultraviolet magnitude scale byconvolving the spectra of stars observed by IUE with our cameras'spectral response functions. Fifty-eight percent of the ultravioletobjects were identified with visible stars using the SIMBAD databasewhile another 40% of the objects are blends of early type stars tooclose together to separate with our resolution. Our photometry iscompared with that from the TD-1, OAO 2, and ANS satellites and the S201(Apollo 16) far-ultraviolet camera and found to agree at the level of afew tenths of a magnitude. Unlike previous studies, almost half of theidentified visual counterparts to the ultraviolet objects are early Bstars. A plot of distance modulus against ultraviolet color excessreveals a significant population of stars with strong ultravioletexcess.
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Catalogue of Hydrogen Line Spectral Profiles of 236 B-Stars A-Stars and F-Stars
Not Available
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Walraven photometry of nearby southern OB associations
Homogeneous Walraven (VBLUW) photometry is presented for 5260 stars inthe regions of five nearby southern OB associations: Scorpio Centaurus(Sco OB2), Orion OB1, Canis Major OB1, Monoceros OB1, and Scutum OB2.Derived V and (B - V) in the Johnson system are included.
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The catalogue of equivalent line widths in the spectra of A- and F-stars.
Not Available
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A photometric survey of the bright southern Be stars
Repeated UBV photometric measurements were made of the 86 bright Bestars south of declination -20 deg, and a network of comparison starswas set up. From a statistical study of the differential photometry itwas found that short- or intermediate-term variability seems to beoccurring in about half of the Be stars, and to be more evident in thestars of earlier spectral type. It was also possible to identify 11individual short- or intermediate-term variables. Four of these (all ofearly B spectral type) appear to exhibit significant variability on atime-scale of a day or less. More intensive observations of one of thesestars, 28 Omega CMA, indicate short-term variations consistent with thepublished spectroscopic period of 1.37 day.
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The evolution of the magnetic fields of AP stars - Magnetic observations of stars in the Scorpius-Centaurus association
Data concerning the positions, photometry, proper motions, and radialvelocities have been compiled for a sample of Ap and Bp stars toward theScorpius-Centaurus association. Probable members of the association areidentified, and new magnetic observations of 13 of these member Ap starsin the mass range 2.5-4.5 solar masses are presented. These magneticobservations are compared with similar data for a sample of old field Apstars. No evidence is found for a significant difference between thedistributions of magnetic field strengths of the two samples, suggestingthat little or no evolution of the magnetic fields in Ap stars occurs ona time scale of a few x 10 to the 8th yr.
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Quantitative Spectral Peculiarity Indices of Cp-Stars of the Upper Main Sequence
Not Available
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Statistical Investigation of Chemically Peculiar Stars - Part Four - Luminosity of Different Type Stars
Not Available
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Velocities of rotation of chemically peculiar stars
An analysis of the velocities of rotation of 77 peculiar stars, membersof open clusters and associations in the age range log t = 6.4-8.7, wasmade based on observations with the OZSP spectrograph of the 6-mtelescope. It was concluded that there is no loss of angular momentum bypeculiar stars in the process of gravitational contraction as theyapproach the zero-age main sequence and in the stage of evolution withinthe main sequence. A statistically significant difference was obtainedin the velocities of rotation of peculiar stars in different zones ofthe Scorpio-Centaurus association: Stars of the core (t = 4 million yr)rotate faster on the average than stars in the outer zones of theassociation (t = 12 million yr).
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The local system of early type stars - Spatial extent and kinematics
Published uvby and H-beta photometric data and proper motions arecompiled and analyzed to characterize the structure and kinematics ofthe bright early-type O-A0 stars in the solar vicinity, with a focus onthe Gould belt. The selection and calibration techniques are explained,and the data are presented in extensive tables and graphs and discussedin detail. The Gould belt stars of age less than 20 Myr are shown togive belt inclination 19 deg to the Galactic plane and node-lineorientation in the direction of Galactic rotation, while the symmetricaldistribution about the Galactic plane and kinematic properties (purecircular differential rotation) of the belt stars over 60 Myr oldresemble those of fainter nonbelt stars of all ages. The unresolveddiscrepancy between the expansion observed in the youngest nearby starsand the predictions of simple models of expansion from a point isattributed to the inhomogeneous distribution of interstellar matter.
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Evidence of decay of the magnetic fields of AP stars
Data obtained in the Geneva photometric system (Rufener, 1981) andappropriate calibrations of this system in terms of surface magneticfield and gravity are used to provide, on the basis of 708 field andcluster Ap stars, observational evidence that these stars undergo decayof their magnetic field on an evolutionary timescale. Justifications aregiven for the application of a photometric gravity calibration topeculiar stars. The dependence of the photometrically estimated surfacemagnetic field on gravity is found to differ markedly from availabletheoretical calculations. HgMn stars are found to show the same trend,strengthening the impression that they might be slightly magnetic.He-weak stars do not.
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The A0 stars
A photometric grid, standardized on MK spectral standards, has been usedto compare spectral types and luminosity classes obtainedphotometrically with those in two extensive spectral surveys coveringthe entire sky. Major discrepancies include the spectroscopicclassification of B9.5, which may indicate an otherwise unrecognizedspectral peculiarity, a different A0/A1 spectral type boundary in thetwo samples involved, the well-known misclassification of weak heliumstars, and an appreciable percentage of stars which are called dwarfsspectroscopically but are of higher photometric luminosity. The spacemotion vectors of these stars for which radial velocities are available,and excluding the minimum of 25 percent that are spectroscopic binarieswithout orbital elements, show structure in their distribution in the(U, V)-plane, with members of the Local Association and the Hyades andSirius superclusters forming obvious concentrations. The members of theLocal Association in the samples are mainly old (more than 200 millionyears) mode A stars, although a few much younger stars are included. Themembers of the Hyades and Sirius superclusters contain many bluestragglers, including several peculiar stars of the Hg, Mn, and Sivarieties.
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Photometric properties of AP stars in the Geneva system
An examination of the properties in some photometric diagrams of morethan 600 Ap stars measured in the Geneva photometric system confirm thatthe Balmer discontinuity is smaller than for normal stars, along withthe link between a proposed peculiarity parameter and both rotationalvelocity and effective magnetic field. It is shown that the peculiarityparameter is sensitive to interstellar reddening, and it is foundthrough examination of the standard deviations for visual magnitudesthat cool CP 2 stars without Eu peculiarity have the greatestamplitudes. Rapid rotators have a mild peculiarity, while positivecorrelation exists for Si and SrCr stars.
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The BP and AP stars in the Scorpius-Centaurus moving cluster
One hundred and seventy stars in the northeastern part of theScorpius-Centaurus moving cluster are investigated. The proportion ofthe 34 type Bp and Ap stars observed in the cluster varies by a factorof 3-4, while age ranges from 4-12 x 10 to the 6th yr, and mean distanceis 120-145 pc. Almost all the Bp and Ap stars display attenuated He Ilines, and in half the stars the 4481 Mg II line is weakened by a factorof 1.5 to 2. Spectral parameters and several types of peculiarity aredetermined.
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