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Pulkovo compilation of radial velocities for 35495 stars in a common system.
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| Local kinematics of K and M giants from CORAVEL/Hipparcos/Tycho-2 data. Revisiting the concept of superclusters
The availability of the Hipparcos Catalogue has triggered many kinematicand dynamical studies of the solar neighbourhood. Nevertheless, thosestudies generally lacked the third component of the space velocities,i.e., the radial velocities. This work presents the kinematic analysisof 5952 K and 739 M giants in the solar neighbourhood which includes forthe first time radial velocity data from a large survey performed withthe CORAVEL spectrovelocimeter. It also uses proper motions from theTycho-2 catalogue, which are expected to be more accurate than theHipparcos ones. An important by-product of this study is the observedfraction of only 5.7% of spectroscopic binaries among M giants ascompared to 13.7% for K giants. After excluding the binaries for whichno center-of-mass velocity could be estimated, 5311 K and 719 M giantsremain in the final sample. The UV-plane constructed from these datafor the stars with precise parallaxes (σπ/π≤20%) reveals a rich small-scale structure, with several clumpscorresponding to the Hercules stream, the Sirius moving group, and theHyades and Pleiades superclusters. A maximum-likelihood method, based ona Bayesian approach, has been applied to the data, in order to make fulluse of all the available stars (not only those with precise parallaxes)and to derive the kinematic properties of these subgroups. Isochrones inthe Hertzsprung-Russell diagram reveal a very wide range of ages forstars belonging to these groups. These groups are most probably relatedto the dynamical perturbation by transient spiral waves (as recentlymodelled by De Simone et al. \cite{Simone2004}) rather than to clusterremnants. A possible explanation for the presence of younggroup/clusters in the same area of the UV-plane is that they have beenput there by the spiral wave associated with their formation, while thekinematics of the older stars of our sample has also been disturbed bythe same wave. The emerging picture is thus one of dynamical streamspervading the solar neighbourhood and travelling in the Galaxy withsimilar space velocities. The term dynamical stream is more appropriatethan the traditional term supercluster since it involves stars ofdifferent ages, not born at the same place nor at the same time. Theposition of those streams in the UV-plane is responsible for the vertexdeviation of 16.2o ± 5.6o for the wholesample. Our study suggests that the vertex deviation for youngerpopulations could have the same dynamical origin. The underlyingvelocity ellipsoid, extracted by the maximum-likelihood method afterremoval of the streams, is not centered on the value commonly acceptedfor the radial antisolar motion: it is centered on < U > =-2.78±1.07 km s-1. However, the full data set(including the various streams) does yield the usual value for theradial solar motion, when properly accounting for the biases inherent tothis kind of analysis (namely, < U > = -10.25±0.15 kms-1). This discrepancy clearly raises the essential questionof how to derive the solar motion in the presence of dynamicalperturbations altering the kinematics of the solar neighbourhood: doesthere exist in the solar neighbourhood a subset of stars having no netradial motion which can be used as a reference against which to measurethe solar motion?Based on observations performed at the Swiss 1m-telescope at OHP,France, and on data from the ESA Hipparcos astrometry satellite.Full Table \ref{taba1} is only available in electronic form at the CDSvia anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/430/165}
| The near-IR NA I doublet and CA II triplet in late-type stars and the determination of stellar atmosphere parameters
CCD spectroscopic observations in the near-IR (7990-8680 A) for a sampleof 144 late type stars are presented. The dependence of the Na I doublet(8183 and 8194 A) and the Ca II triplet (8498, 8542 and 8662 A) onstellar atmospheric parameters is investigated. It is confirmed in starsof spectral types later than G0 a dependence of line strength oneffective temperature, surface gravity, and metallicity in goodagreement with previous studies. However, the present sample containsmany more very late type stars than previous studies, and these starsshow a strong dependence of Ca-II triplet strength on temperature. Theselines, together with the (R - I) color index which is known to be a goodtemperature indicator, were used to estimate the metal abundance and thesurface gravity of the present program stars.
| Binaries among bright stars - Systems with evolved primary components and their relation to the properties of main-sequence binaries
A study on the distribution of Delta m of main-sequence visual binaries(VBs), derived using previously published data, suggests that thesubgiants and early-type giants are one magnitude brighter than whenthey were dwarfs. The progenitors of late-type giants are on average F1dwarfs, while those of VBs with Delta m of less than 8, 5, or 3magnitudes are on average A7, A2, and B9.5 dwarfs, respectively. Theintrinsic logarithmic distribution of the semimajor axis (a) is derivedfrom dwarf, subgiant, and early-type giant VBs considered together, andis found to be constant for a of greater than 30 AU. Takingspectroscopic binaries into account, the proportion of single starsamong all stellar systems is found to be at the most 23 percent.
| Visual measures of 193 double and multiple stars
Micrometer measurements of 174 double stars obtained with 26 1/2-in. and10-in. refractors are presented, along with interferometric measurementsof 19 double stars performed using 20-in. and 36-in. reflectors. Theresults reported include star coordinates, position angles, separations,probable errors, orbital residuals, and identifications of wide doubleswith separations of up to 2 arcmin.
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