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Effective temperature scale and bolometric corrections from 2MASS photometry
We present a method to determine effective temperatures, angularsemi-diameters and bolometric corrections for population I and II FGKtype stars based on V and 2MASS IR photometry. Accurate calibration isaccomplished by using a sample of solar analogues, whose averagetemperature is assumed to be equal to the solar effective temperature of5777 K. By taking into account all possible sources of error we estimateassociated uncertainties to better than 1% in effective temperature andin the range 1.0-2.5% in angular semi-diameter for unreddened stars.Comparison of our new temperatures with other determinations extractedfrom the literature indicates, in general, remarkably good agreement.These results suggest that the effective temperaure scale of FGK starsis currently established with an accuracy better than 0.5%-1%. Theapplication of the method to a sample of 10 999 dwarfs in the Hipparcoscatalogue allows us to define temperature and bolometric correction (Kband) calibrations as a function of (V-K), [m/H] and log g. Bolometriccorrections in the V and K bands as a function of T_eff, [m/H] and log gare also given. We provide effective temperatures, angularsemi-diameters, radii and bolometric corrections in the V and K bandsfor the 10 999 FGK stars in our sample with the correspondinguncertainties.
| Improved Astrometry and Photometry for the Luyten Catalog. II. Faint Stars and the Revised Catalog
We complete construction of a catalog containing improved astrometry andnew optical/infrared photometry for the vast majority of NLTT starslying in the overlap of regions covered by POSS I and by the secondincremental Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) release, approximately 44%of the sky. The epoch 2000 positions are typically accurate to 130 mas,the proper motions to 5.5 mas yr-1, and the V-J colors to0.25 mag. Relative proper motions of binary components are measured to 3mas yr-1. The false-identification rate is ~1% for11<~V<~18 and substantially less at brighter magnitudes. Theseimprovements permit the construction of a reduced proper-motion diagramthat, for the first time, allows one to classify NLTT stars intomain-sequence (MS) stars, subdwarfs (SDs), and white dwarfs (WDs). We inturn use this diagram to analyze the properties of both our catalog andthe NLTT catalog on which it is based. In sharp contrast to popularbelief, we find that NLTT incompleteness in the plane is almostcompletely concentrated in MS stars, and that SDs and WDs are detectedalmost uniformly over the sky δ>-33deg. Our catalogwill therefore provide a powerful tool to probe these populationsstatistically, as well as to reliably identify individual SDs and WDs.
| A Survey of Proper-Motion Stars. XVI. Orbital Solutions for 171 Single-lined Spectroscopic Binaries
We report 25,563 radial velocity measurements for 1359 single-linedstars in the Carney-Latham sample of 1464 stars selected for high propermotion. For 171 of these, we present spectroscopic orbital solutions. Wefind no obvious difference between the binary characteristics in thehalo and the disk populations. The observed frequency is the same, andthe period distributions are consistent with the hypothesis that the twosets of binaries were drawn from the same parent population. Thissuggests that metallicity in general, and radiative opacities inparticular, have little influence over the fragmentation process thatleads to short-period binaries. All the binaries with periods shorterthan 10 days have nearly circular orbits, while the binaries withperiods longer than 20 days exhibit a wide range of eccentricities and amedian value of 0.37. For the metal-poor high-velocity halo binaries inour sample, the transition from circular to eccentric orbits appears tooccur at about 20 days, supporting the conclusion that tidalcircularization on the main sequence is important for the oldestbinaries in the Galaxy. Some of the results presented here usedobservations made with the Multiple Mirror Telescope, a joint facilityof the Smithsonian Institution and the University of Arizona.
| HIPPARCOS age-metallicity relation of the solar neighbourhood disc stars
We derive age-metallicity relations (AMRs) and orbital parameters forthe 1658 solar neighbourhood stars to which accurate distances aremeasured by the HIPPARCOS satellite. The sample stars comprise 1382 thindisc stars, 229 thick disc stars, and 47 halo stars according to theirorbital parameters. We find a considerable scatter for thin disc AMRalong the one-zone Galactic chemical evolution (GCE) model. Orbits andmetallicities of thin disc stars show now clear relation each other. Thescatter along the AMR exists even if the stars with the same orbits areselected. We examine simple extension of one-zone GCE models whichaccount for inhomogeneity in the effective yield and inhomogeneous starformation rate in the Galaxy. Both extensions of the one-zone GCE modelcannot account for the scatter in age - [Fe/H] - [Ca/Fe] relationsimultaneously. We conclude, therefore, that the scatter along the thindisc AMR is an essential feature in the formation and evolution of theGalaxy. The AMR for thick disc stars shows that the star formationterminated 8 Gyr ago in the thick disc. As already reported by Grattonet al. (\cite{Gratton_et.al.2000}) and Prochaska et al.(\cite{Prochaska_et.al.2000}), thick disc stars are more Ca-rich thanthin disc stars with the same [Fe/H]. We find that thick disc stars showa vertical abundance gradient. These three facts, the AMR, verticalgradient, and [Ca/Fe]-[Fe/H] relation, support monolithic collapseand/or accretion of satellite dwarf galaxies as likely thick discformation scenarios. Tables 2 and 3 are only available in electronicform at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5)or via http:/ /cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/ cgi-bin/qcat?J/ A+A/394/927
| Mining the Metal-rich Stars for Planets
We examine the correlation between stellar metallicity and the presenceof short-period planets. It appears that approximately 1% of dwarf starsin the solar neighborhood harbor short-period planets characterized bynear-circular orbits and orbital periods P<20 days. However, amongthe most metal-rich stars (defined as having [Fe/H]>0.2 dex), itappears that the fraction increases to 10%. Using the Hipparcos databaseand the Hauck & Mermilliod compilation of Strömgren uvbyphotometry, we identify a sample of 206 metal-rich stars of spectraltype K, G and F which have an enhanced probability of harboringshort-period planets. Many of these stars would be excellent candidatesfor addition to radial velocity surveys. We have searched the Hipparcosepoch photometry for transiting planets within our 206 star catalog. Wefind that the quality of the Hipparcos data is not high enough to permitunambiguous transit detections. It is, however, possible to identifycandidate transit periods. We then discuss various ramifications of thestellar metallicity-planet connection. First, we show that there ispreliminary evidence for increasing metallicity with increasing stellarmass among known planet-bearing stars. This trend can be explained by ascenario in which planet-bearing stars accrete an average of 30M⊕ of rocky material after the gaseous protoplanetarydisk phase has ended. We present dynamical calculations which suggestthat a survey of metallicities of spectroscopic binary stars can be usedto understand the root cause of the stellar metallicity-planetconnection.
| Ca II H and K Filter Photometry on the UVBY System. II. The Catalog of Observations
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1995AJ....109.2828T&db_key=AST
| A survey of proper motion stars. 12: an expanded sample
We report new photometry and radial velocities for almost 500 stars fromthe Lowell Proper Motion Catalog. We combine these results with ourprior sample and rederive stellar temperatures based on the photometry,reddening, metallicities (using chi squared matching of our 22,500 lowSignal to Noise (S/N) high resolution echelle spectra with a grid ofsynthetic spectra), distances, space motions, and Galactic orbitalparameters for 1269 (kinematics) and 1261 (metallicity) of the 1464stars in the complete survey. The frequency of spectroscopic binariesfor the metal-poor ((m/H) less than or equal to -1.2) stars with periodsshorter than 3000 days is at least 15%. The spectroscopic binaryfrequency for metal-rich stars ((m/H) greater than -0.5) appears to belower, about 9%, but this may be a selection effect. We also discussspecial classes of stars, including treatment of the double-linedspectroscopic binaries, and identification of subgiants. Four possiblenew members of the class of field blue stragglers are noted. We pointout the detection of three possible new white dwarfs, six broad-lined(binary) systems, and discuss briefly the three already knownnitrogen-rich halo dwarfs. The primary result of this paper will beavailable on CD-ROM, in the form of a much larger table.
| UVBY - beta photometry of high-velocity and metal-poor stars. VI - A second catalogue, and stellar populations of the Galaxy
A second catalog of uvby-beta photometry for 553 high-velocity stars ispresented. Combining the catalogs, reliable (Fe/H) values are obtainedfor 1214 stars and reliable kinematic parameters for 1149. The totalsample contains at least three significant, distinct stellar populationswith properties very similar to those given in the literature of the oldthin disk, thick disk, and halo. The thick-disk component has mean(Fe/H) about -0.50 +/- 0.10 dex and sigma(Fe/H) about 0.25 +/- 0.03 dex,but there is evidence for a significant thick-disk contribution down to(Fe/H) about -1.4. A diagonal cut in the V(rot), (Fe/H) diagramindicates that there is not a chemical gradient in the Galactic halo.The mean V(rot), mean (Fe/H) curve for the whole sample indicates thatthe halo evolved mostly independently of the disk.
| A survey of proper motion stars. IX - The galactic halo's metallicity gradient
Using data already presented for a survey of proper motion stars and theBahcall, Schmidt, and Soneira (1983) model of the Galaxy, Galacticorbital parameters are computed, including planar and three-dimensionaleccentricities, apo- and perigalacticon distances, and maximum distancesreached above/below the plane, based on extreme values for R and theabsolute value of Z over 15 azimuthal periods. The orbital data are usedto bin the survey's stars by apogalacticon and maximum Z distances. Inan attempt to isolate a halo population sample, analyses are restrictedto those stars that lag behind the local standard of the rest's circularorbital velocity by 50, 100, 150, and 200 km/s. The mean metallicitiesof the stars in a variety of Rapo and Zmax bins are compared .
| A survey of proper-motion stars. III - Reddenings, distances, and metallicities
Further data on the Lowell proper-motion stars surveyed by Carney andLatham (1987) are presented. Both new and published photometry aresummarized for 286 of these stars. Included are R-I data for 64 stars,uvby (or by) data for 221 stars (of which are included new results for152 stars), and JHK (or K) data for 238 stars (of which are included newresults for 180 stars). The procedures used to estimate the reddeningand photometric parallax of each star are discussed. The metallicitiesfor 818 stars, based on 5795 spectra, determined using a new method,described in an earlier paper, which compares synthetic spectra to thelow-signal-to-noise spectra obtained for radial velocities are alsopresented. The reddening, distance, and metallicity are interdependentand have been determined in a self-consistent manner.
| A survey of proper-motion stars. I - UBV photometry and radial velocities
The background, motivation, and goals of a photometric and spectroscopicsurvey of over 900 stars selected from the Lowell Proper Motion Surveywithout any metallicity bias are discussed, and 1225 new UBV measures of867 stars with V = 7-16 mag, and a new mean radial velocities for 914stars based on 5815 high-resolution spectra are presented. Theradial-velocity data indicate the binary fraction of th high-velocitystars probably exceeds 25 percent.
| New subdwarfs. VI - Kinematics of 1125 high-proper-motion stars and the collapse of the Galaxy
The UVW velocity components, planar eccentricities, and angular momentaof 878 high-proper-motion stars are determined using the radial-velocitydata of Fouts and Sandage (1986) and compared with chemical abundancesand photometric parallaxes from the UBV photometry of Sandage and Kowal(1986). The results are presented, along with published data on 247additional stars, in extensive tables and graphs and characterized indetail. Two approximately equal components are differentiated: alow-velocity component identified as part of the thick disk described byGilmore and Reid (1983) and a high-velocity halo component. The data arefound to support a model of Galactic collapse (with concomitant spinupand progressive chemical enrichment) which includes a rotating bulge(the thick disk) with kinematic and metallicity properties between thoseof the old thin disk and the halo.
| New subdwarfs. V - Radial velocities for 889 high-proper-motion stars measured with the Mount Wilson 100 inch reflector
New radial velocities have been obtained from 2265 measurements of 889high-proper-motion stars taken from the subdwarf candidate list of aprevious paper. The observations were made with the Mount Wilson 100 inHooker reflector coude spectrograph with a Reticon detector, giving aninternal error of a single measurement of 4.7 km/s. From 88 stars incommon with previously known subdwarfs; the external error of the datais 6.9 km/s per measurement, and the velocity system is shown to be onthe system of the Wilson General Catalog to better than 1 km/s. Of the878 stars with nonvariable velocities in the sample, 38 have radialvelocities larger than 200 km/s, of which 22 are new. There is acorrelation between radial velocity and reduced ultraviolet excess asexpected from the previously known relations between space motion andchemical composition. The Stroemberg asymmetric drift is directlyvisible in the radial velocity and the proper-motion data separately aseach is displayed as a function of galactic longitude.
| New subdwarfs. IV - UBV photometry of 1690 high-proper-motion stars
A photometric list of 1690 stars of known high proper motion is used tosearch for potential high-velocity stars of various metallicity valuesin order to find candidates for trigonometric programs on subdwarfs andto enlarge the sample with which to study the relation between stellarkinematics and metal abundance. A list of 113 stars with tangentialspace velocities of 300 km/s or greater is obtained, the highesttangential velocity relative to the sun being 630 km/s. By using thevariation of the tangential velocity with longitude and adopting thegalactic rotation at the solar circle to be 220 km/s, the rotation ofthe subdwarf system is estimated at 0 + or - 50 km/s from the transversevelocity alone, in agreement with determinations based on other methods.
| G. P. Kuiper's spectral classifications of proper-motion stars
Spectral classifications are listed for over 3200 stars, mainly of largeproper motion, observed and classified by Kuiper during the years1937-1944 at the Yerkes and McDonald Observatories. While Kuiper himselfpublished many of his types, and while improved classifications are nowavailable for many of these stars, much of value remains. For many ofthe objects, no other spectral data exist.
| Lowell proper motions III : proper motion survey of the Northern Hemisphere with the 13-inch photographic telescope of the Lowell Observatory
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